AFSA irasaba ko imari y’ubuhinzi ihindurwamo igikoresho cyo guteza imbere ubuhinzi kamere muri Afurika

Ihuriro ry’imiryango iharanira ubusugire bw’ibiribwa muri Afurika, Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA), risaba ko icyerekezo cy’imari ishorwa mu buhinzi muri Afurika gihinduka, amafaranga menshi akerekeza ku buhinzi bwubakiye ku bidukikije (agroecology), ubuzima bw’ubutaka, ubudasa bw’ibihingwa n’uburyo bw’imbuto bucungwa n’abahinzi.

Ibi biri mu myanzuro y’ingenzi y’raporo nshya ya AFSA yasesenguye imyaka 20 ishize y’uburyo bwiswe Green Revolution, bushingiye cyane ku mbuto zatoranyijwe, ifumbire mvaruganda, inkunga ku nyongeramusaruro n’ivugururwa rya politiki z’ubuhinzi.

Raporo yiswe The Green Revolution Has Failed Africa: Twenty Years of Evidence and What Works Instead ishingiye ku makuru y’imyaka 18 yo mu bihugu bya Afurika, harimo imibare y’umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, isuzuma ry’abaterankunga, inyandiko z’inzego n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’abashakashatsi.

AFSA ivuga ko mu bihugu 13 byibandwaho na Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda ryarenze inshuro ebyiri mu myaka 20 ishize, ariko umusaruro w’ibihingwa by’ibanze wiyongereye ku kigereranyo cya 1.2% gusa ku mwaka. Iyi ntera y’ubwiyongere ngo iri hasi gato ugereranyije n’imyaka 12 yabanje.

Muri icyo gihe, ubuso bw’ubutaka bwakorerwagaho ubuhinzi bwiyongereyeho 46%, bigaragaza ko ubwiyongere bw’umusaruro bwaturutse ahanini ku kongera ubutaka buhingwaho aho gutuma ubutaka busanzwe buhingwa butanga umusaruro mwinshi kurushaho.

Raporo kandi igaragaza ko umubare w’abantu bafite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi idakira (chronic undernourishment) muri ibyo bihugu 13 wazamutseho 58%, uva kuri miliyoni 94.6 ugera kuri miliyoni 149.6.

Muri Malawi, igihugu raporo igaragaza ko cyagize ubwiyongere bukomeye bw’umusaruro w’ibihingwa, umubare w’abafite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi na wo wazamutseho 61%, ibintu AFSA ikoresha mu kugaragaza ko kongera umusaruro w’igihingwa kimwe bidahagije kugira ngo abaturage babone imirire ihagije.

AFSA ivuga ko iyi mibare isaba kongera kureba niba amafaranga n’ingufu bishorwa mu kongera ikoreshwa ry’inyongeramusaruro ari byo byonyine bikwiye kuba umusingi w’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi bwa Afurika.

Raporo inatanga urugero rwa Zambia, aho inkunga zigenerwa inyongeramusaruro zigeze gutwara hagati ya 72% na 75% by’ingengo y’imari y’ubuhinzi mu myaka imwe n’imwe. Nubwo iyi politiki yashyiraga imbere cyane ifumbire n’umusaruro w’ibigori, raporo igaragaza ko umusaruro w’ibigori wazamutseho 14% gusa, mu gihe ubutaka bwari butangiye guhingwaho hafi bwikubye kabiri.

AFSA ariko isobanura ko iyi raporo itari uguhakana akamaro k’imbuto zinoze, ifumbire, ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ubumenyi bwa siyansi. Ahubwo ikibazo ishyira imbere ni ukumenya ubwoko bw’imikorere y’ubuhinzi ishoramari riri kubaka, ababasha kuyigenzura ndetse n’abungukira muri iyo gahunda.

Raporo isaba ko ikibazo kidakemurwa gusa no kongera amafaranga ashorwa mu buhinzi, ahubwo ko hakwiye guhindurwa icyerekezo cy’imari isanzwe ihari.

AFSA isaba ko nibura 10% by’imari isanzwe igenerwa ubuhinzi byerekezwamo guteza imbere gahunda z’imbuto zicungwa n’abahinzi (farmer-managed seed systems), ubuzima n’uburumbuke bw’ubutaka (soil health) ndetse n’ubuhinzi butandukanye (diversified production) bitarenze 2028.

Iki gipimo ngo cyakongerwa kikagera kuri 25% mu 2030, hanyuma kikagera kuri 33% mu 2035.

AFSA kandi ivuga ko gahunda z’ubuhinzi zigenda zishingiye ku nyongeramusaruro nyinshi zidakwiye kongera kwitwa gusa gahunda zo kurwanya no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere (climate adaptation) mu rwego rwo gukurura amafaranga aturuka mu mari y’ikirere (climate finance), mu gihe imikorere yazo ikomeje gushingira cyane ku nyongeramusaruro zituruka hanze.

Raporo igaragaza ko ubuhinzi bwubakiye ku bidukikije butakiri igitekerezo kiri mu bushakashatsi gusa.

Ibihugu bitandatu bya Afurika nka Benin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania na Tunisia — bimaze kugira ingamba cyangwa amategeko y’igihugu ateza imbere agroecology, mu gihe Umuryango w’Afurika y’Iburasirazuba ushinzwe amategeko (East African Legislative Assembly) ufite umushinga w’itegeko ku agroecology uri imbere yawo.

Ibi, nk’uko raporo ibigaragaza, bishimangira ko hari ibihugu n’abaturage batangiye gufata agroecology nk’imwe mu nzira z’ingenzi zo kubaka gahunda z’ibiribwa zirambye, aho kuba igitekerezo gitegereje kugeragezwa mu gihe kizaza.

Raporo inagaragaza ko mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, abahinzi basanzwe bakoresha uburyo burimo gusubiza ubuzima ubutaka, kurinda imbuto zabo, guhinga ibihingwa bitandukanye no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku nyongeramusaruro zihenze zituruka hanze.

Senegal itangwa nk’urugero rw’uburyo ubuhinzi butandukanye bushobora kugira uruhare mu guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere no kubungabunga umutekano w’ibiribwa. Raporo ivuga ko umusaruro w’uburo (millet) wazamutseho 85%, naho amasaka (sorghum) akazamukaho 75%.

Mu ijambo ry’ibanze ry’iyi raporo, Dr. Million Belay, Umuhuzabikorwa Mukuru wa AFSA, yavuze ko abahinzi bo muri Afurika badakwiye gukomeza gufatwa nk’abagenerwabikorwa b’impinduka zateguwe n’abandi.

Ati: “Abahinzi bo muri Afurika bagomba kureka gufatwa nk’abagenerwabikorwa b’impinduka z’abandi. Bagomba kuba ari bo bazanditsi bazo.”

Raporo yashyizwe ahagaragara mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru cyayobowe n’umwanditsi akaba n’umushakashatsi Raj Patel, ari kumwe na Dr Million Belay, Mutinta Nketani, Famara Diedhiou na Timothy Wise.

AFSA ivuga ko iki ari igihe cyo guhindura aho amafaranga ashorwa mu buhinzi, cyane cyane mu gihe ibihugu bya Afurika bitegura gahunda z’imyaka 10 z’ubuhinzi mu rwego rwa Kampala CAADP framework, zizagena aho miliyari z’amadolari y’imari y’ubuhinzi, iterambere n’ikirere zizerekeza mu myaka iri imbere.

Ku bwa AFSA, icy’ingenzi si ukongera gusa amafaranga ashorwa mu buhinzi, ahubwo ni kureba aho ayo mafaranga ajya n’uburyo afasha abahinzi kongera ubudahangarwa, kubungabunga ubutaka, kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku nyongeramusaruro zituruka hanze.

Ihuriro risanga abahinzi bagomba kugira uruhare rufatika mu guhitamo icyerekezo cy’ubuhinzi bw’Afurika, aho gufatwa nk’abakoresha gusa gahunda n’ikoranabuhanga bitegurirwa ahandi.