Ibyo wamenya ku bwoko bw’amafi bwifitemo ingufu z’amashanyarazi

Mu isi y’amazi yuzuye amabanga menshi, hari ubwoko bw’ifi butangaje bushobora gutanga amashanyarazi nk’aho bufite umuriro mu mubiri wabwo.

Aya mafi arimo nka Electric eel, Electric ray, ndetse na Electric catfish, akaba amaze igihe kinini atera amatsiko abashakashatsi n’abakunda kwiga ku bidukikije. Nubwo benshi babyita “ifi zifite umuriro,” mu by’ukuri ibyo zitanga si umuriro usanzwe, ahubwo ni amashanyarazi ava mu mubiri wazo.

Ibi biterwa n’utunyangingo twihariye two mu mubiri wazo twitwa Electrogenesis, dukora nk’uturiro tw’amashanyarazi (batteries). Utu turingirangingo tuba twubakiye ku mitsi yahindutse igikoresho cyo gutanga amashanyarazi, ku buryo iyo ayo mafi ashaka kwirwanaho cyangwa gufata umuhigo, utunyangingo twinshi dukorana icyarimwe tugatanga umuriro w’amashanyarazi ushobora kugera ku rwego rwo gutera ubwoba cyangwa gukomeretsa.

Urugero rukunze kuvugwa ni rwa electric eel ishobora gutanga amashanyarazi agera kuri volt zirenga 600, bikaba byahahamura inyamaswa iyegereye cyangwa umuntu uyikozeho nabi.

Aya mafi aboneka mu bice bitandukanye by’isi bitewe n’ubwoko bwayo. Electric eel ikunze kuboneka mu migezi minini yo muri Amerika y’Epfo nka Amazon na Orinoco, aho amazi aba afite ubukonje buringaniye kandi akungahaye ku bimera byo mu mazi.

Electric catfish yo iboneka cyane muri Afurika, mu biyaga n’imigezi itandukanye, mu gihe electric ray yo iboneka cyane mu nyanja zinyuranye ku isi. Ibi bigaragaza ko aya mafi yihanganira ibidukikije bitandukanye, ariko byose bihuriye ku bushobozi bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu mibereho yabyo ya buri munsi.

Uretse kuba aya mafi akoresha amashanyarazi mu kwirwanaho, anayifashisha mu guhiga. Iyo ifi ifite amashanyarazi ibonye umuhigo, iyitera umuriro wihuse ugahita uyihagarika cyangwa ukayica intege, bikoroshya kuyifata.

Hari n’ayo akoresha amashanyarazi make mu kumenya aho ari mu mazi, cyane cyane mu mazi yijimye cyangwa atagaragara neza, aho akora nk’uburyo bwo “kumva” ibiyikikije binyuze mu muriro muto ugaruka uyibwira aho ibintu biri.

Aya mafi yororoka nk’andi mafi asanzwe, cyane cyane atera amagi akavamo ibyana bikura buhoro buhoro. Mu bwoko bumwe nka electric eel, hari aho byagaragaye ko ingabo yubaka icyari mu mazi ikarinda amagi yayo kugeza igihe aviriyemo.

Ibi bituma ibyana bigira amahirwe menshi yo gukura neza, nubwo mu buzima bwo mu mazi haba harimo byinshi bishobora kubyangiza.

Aya mafi afite uruhare rukomeye. Ni inyamaswa zishobora guhiga izindi, bityo zigafasha kugabanya ubwinshi bwazo no gutuma habaho uburinganire mu mazi. Ariko kandi, na zo ubwazo zishobora kuribwa n’izindi nyamaswa nini zifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira amashanyarazi cyangwa zikazirinda mu buryo bwihariye.

Ibi byose bigaragaza uburyo buri kinyabuzima gifite umwanya wacyo mu kubungabunga ubuzima bw’ibindi.

Nubwo aya mafi asa n’igitangaza, si “umuriro” usanzwe atanga nk’uwo tubona mu nkongi, ahubwo ni amashanyarazi akorwa n’umubiri wayo mu buryo bwihariye. Ubu bushobozi bwatumye abashakashatsi batangira kuyigaho cyane, bashaka kumva neza uko ibinyabuzima bishobora gukora amashanyarazi, ndetse bikaba byatanga ibitekerezo bishya mu ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku kamaro k’ibinyabuzima.

Ibi byose bituma aya mafi aba urugero rwiza rw’uko ibidukikije bifite ubudasa n’ubwenge bwihariye, aho n’inyamaswa zo mu mazi zishobora kugira ubushobozi burenze uko abantu babitekereza.

Kubimenya no kubisobanukirwa neza ni intambwe ikomeye mu kubungabunga ibinyabuzima no gusigasira ibidukikije muri rusange.