Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda yatangije urugendo rwo gushaka kwemerwa nka UNESCO Global Geopark ya mbere mu Rwanda
Mu gihe isi ikomeje gushaka uburyo bwo guhuza kubungabunga umutungo kamere n’iterambere rirambye ry’abaturage, u Rwanda rwatangiye urugendo rushya rushobora kurushyira ku ikarita y’ahantu hafite umurage wa geolojiya ufite agaciro ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Intara y’Amajyaruguru, ku bufatanye na Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’u Rwanda ikorana na UNESCO (CNRU), yatangije ku mugaragaro gahunda yo gusaba ko yemerwa nka UNESCO Global Geopark, bikaba byayigira Geopark ya mbere mu Rwanda.
Iki gikorwa cyatangijwe ku wa 11 Kamena 2026 mu Karere ka Musanze, kikaba cyahurije hamwe abayobozi mu nzego za Leta, impuguke mu bumenyi bw’Isi n’ibidukikije, ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, za kaminuza, abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta n’abahagarariye abaturage.
Iyi gahunda ishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwimbitse n’isuzuma ryakozwe na Prof. Asfawossen Asrat Kassaye, impuguke ya UNESCO mu bijyanye na Global Geoparks, wasuye Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda hagati ya tariki ya 27 Nzeri na 4 Ukwakira 2025.
Muri urwo ruzinduko, yakoze isuzuma ry’umurage wa geolojiya, ibidukikije, amateka ndangamuco n’amahirwe y’iterambere ry’ubukungu bushingiye ku mutungo kamere.
Raporo yasohotse nyuma y’iri suzuma yemeje ko Intara y’Amajyaruguru ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuzuza ibisabwa na UNESCO kugira ngo ibe Global Geopark. Yagaragaje ko aka karere gafite ahantu ndangamateka hihariye ku rwego rw’Isi harimo urunana rw’Ibirunga rwa Virunga, ubuvumo bwa Musanze, ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo, Igishanga cya Rugezi ndetse n’amabuye ya kera cyane agaragaza amateka y’ikorwa ry’Isi n’ihindagurika ry’Ikibaya cya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba kizwi nka East African Rift System.
Ku bahanga mu bumenyi bw’Isi, ibi ntabwo ari ibyiza nyaburanga gusa. Ni ibimenyetso bifatika by’amateka y’Isi byafasha abashakashatsi gusobanukirwa uko umugabane wa Afurika n’Isi muri rusange byagiye bihinduka mu myaka miliyoni nyinshi ishize.
Mu ijambo yatangaje atangiza ku mugaragaro uru rugendo, Guverineri w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru, Maurice Mugabowagahunde, yavuze ko iki gikorwa ari intambwe ikomeye itareba gusa Intara y’Amajyaruguru ahubwo ireba igihugu cyose.
Yagize ati:”Uyu munsi ntabwo dutangije gusa gahunda yo gushaka icyemezo cya UNESCO. Turatangiza icyerekezo kigamije kubungabunga no guteza imbere umurage kamere, amateka n’umuco byacu, mu buryo buha abaturage amahirwe yo kuwubyaza umusaruro kandi ukazabaho no ku bazadukomokaho.”
Yakomeje avuga ko Intara y’Amajyaruguru ifite umutungo kamere udasanzwe ugizwe n’ibirunga, ibiyaga, ubuvumo, urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’umuco bikwiye guhabwa agaciro gakomeye.
Ati:”Turifuza ubukerarugendo burambye butanga akazi, bugateza imbere ubucuruzi bw’abaturage, bugafasha urubyiruko n’abagore kubona amahirwe mashya y’imibereho. Turashaka ko abaturage baba abafatanyabikorwa nyamukuru mu kubungabunga umurage bafite kandi bakaba ari bo bawungukiramo mbere na mbere.”
Guverineri Mugabowagahunde yavuze ko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Prof. Asfawossen bwahaye u Rwanda icyizere ko uru rugendo rushoboka.
Ati:”Raporo yakozwe n’impuguke za UNESCO yagaragaje ko dufite umutungo ufite agaciro ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ariko yanatwibukije ko hari akazi kenshi kagomba gukorwa mu kubaka imiyoborere myiza ya Geopark, gukora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse no gukorana bya hafi n’abaturage. Intsinzi y’uru rugendo izaterwa n’ubufatanye bwacu twese.”
Nubwo ijambo Geopark rikiri rishya ku Banyarwanda benshi, impuguke zigaragaza ko ari imwe muri gahunda zifite uruhare runini mu guhuza kubungabunga ibidukikije n’iterambere ry’ubukungu.
Agaruka kuri UNESCO Global Geopark icyo ari cyo, Eng. Dominique Mvunabandi, Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Iterambere muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’u Rwanda ikorana na UNESCO, yavuze ko Geopark atari ahantu habungabungwa gusa kubera ubwiza bwaho cyangwa amateka yaho, ahubwo ari urubuga rwagutse ruhuza umurage wa geolojiya, ibidukikije, umuco, ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’abaturage.
Yagize ati:”Geopark ni nk’ishuri rifunguye rya siyansi n’amateka y’Isi. Ni ahantu hagaragaza ibimenyetso by’ihindagurika ry’Isi mu bihe bitandukanye, ariko nanone hakabera urubuga rwo kwigisha, gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere abaturage. Geopark ntabwo iba igamije gufunga abaturage cyangwa kubabuza gukoresha umutungo bafite; ahubwo iba igamije kubafasha kuwubungabunga no kuwubyaza amahirwe y’iterambere.”
Yakomeje asobanura ko gahunda ya UNESCO Global Geoparks yubakiye ku nkingi enye z’ingenzi zirimo kubungabunga umurage wa geolojiya, guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’uburezi, guteza imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku miterere y’Isi (Geotourism) no kongerera abaturage ubushobozi bwo kugira uruhare mu iterambere ryabo.
Ati:”Iyo UNESCO yemeye Geopark, ntabwo iba yemeye amabuye cyangwa ibirunga gusa. Iba yemeye agaciro k’umurage w’Isi, ubushobozi bwo kuwubungabunga no kuwubyaza amahirwe abaturage. Ni icyemezo gihuza siyansi, uburezi, ubukerarugendo, umuco n’iterambere rirambye. Ni yo mpamvu Geopark ifatwa nk’ikiraro gihuza kubungabunga ibidukikije n’iterambere ry’abaturage.”
Perezida w’Inteko Rusange ya Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’u Rwanda ikorana na UNESCO, Dr Marie Christine Gasingirwa, yavuze ko gahunda ya UNESCO Global Geoparks iri mu bikoresho bikomeye UNESCO ikoresha mu guhindura umurage kamere ishingiro ry’iterambere rirambye.
Yagize ati:”UNESCO Global Geoparks zerekana ko umutungo kamere ushobora kuba isoko y’ubumenyi, ubushakashatsi, guhanga udushya, ubukerarugendo n’iterambere ry’ubukungu. Iyi gahunda ituma abaturage baba abafatanyabikorwa nyakuri mu kubungabunga umurage bafite kandi bakaba ari bo bawungukiramo.”
Yakomeje avuga ko umushinga wa Geopark y’Amajyaruguru uhuye neza n’icyerekezo cya Komisiyo y’u Rwanda ikorana na UNESCO cyo guteza imbere ubushakashatsi, uburezi, ubukerarugendo burambye no kubungabunga umurage kamere n’umuco.
Ati:”Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda afite umutungo udasanzwe ushobora kuba ishingiro ry’iterambere rirambye. Nituramuka dukoze neza uru rugendo, ntabwo tuzaba twubaka Geopark gusa, ahubwo tuzaba twubaka amahirwe mashya y’akazi, ubushakashatsi, uburezi n’iterambere ry’abaturage.”
Nubwo amahirwe ahari ari menshi, raporo ya UNESCO yagaragaje ko urugendo rukiri mu ntangiriro. Mu by’ingenzi byasabwe harimo gukora urutonde rwuzuye rw’ahantu hafite agaciro ka geolojiya n’umuco, gukora amakarita agaragaza imbibi za Geopark, gushyiraho inzego ziyiyobora, kongera ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, guteza imbere ubukangurambaga no kongera uruhare rw’abaturage.
Hashyizweho kandi amatsinda yihariye azakora ku nzego zirimo imiyoborere n’imicungire ya Geopark, ubushakashatsi ku mutungo wa geolojiya, kubungabunga umurage kamere n’umuco, uburezi n’ubukangurambaga, ubukerarugendo burambye, itangazamakuru n’ubufatanye mpuzamahanga.
Prof. Digne Rwabuhungu, Umuyobozi w’Ishuri ry’ubucukuxi bw’amabuye na Geolojiya muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda (School of Mining and Geology) akaba n’Umuyobozi wa Komite y’Igihugu ishinzwe gahunda ya Geopark mu Rwanda, yavuze ko kuba Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda yemerwa nka UNESCO Global Geopark byaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu kuzamura agaciro k’umutungo wa geolojiya igihugu gifite, no kuwugira umusingi w’ubushakashatsi, uburezi n’iterambere rirambye.
Yasobanuye ko u Rwanda rumaze imyaka myinshi rumenyerewe cyane kubera ingagi zo mu birunga n’ibinyabuzima byihariye, ariko ko Geopark izafasha isi kurumenya no ku rwego rw’amateka y’ikorwa ry’Isi n’umurage wa geolojiya rufite.
Yagize ati:”Iyo abantu benshi batekereje u Rwanda, bahita bibuka ingagi zo mu Birunga cyangwa ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nyamaswa. Ariko hari indi nkuru ikomeye cyane isi itaramenya bihagije; ni inkuru iri mu miterere y’ubutaka bwacu, mu birunga byacu, mu buvumo, mu biyaga no mu mabuye abika amateka y’Isi mu myaka miliyoni nyinshi ishize. Geopark izadufasha kubwira isi iyo nkuru no kuyigaragariza agaciro kayo.”
Prof. Rwabuhungu yavuze ko Geopark izafasha cyane urwego rw’ubushakashatsi kuko Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda ari laboratwari kamere yihariye ishobora gukorerwamo ubushakashatsi n’abahanga bo hirya no hino ku Isi.
Ati:”Dufite ahantu hihariye cyane ku rwego rwa siyansi. Iyo urebye urunana rw’Ibirunga rwa Virunga n’imisozi,ubuvumo bwa Musanze, ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo n’amateka ya East African Rift System, usanga ari ibice bishobora gukorerwamo ubushakashatsi bufitiye akamaro Afurika n’Isi yose. Kuba twakwemerwa nka UNESCO Global Geopark byatuma dushobora kwakira abashakashatsi benshi, abanyeshuri n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bifuza kwiga kuri uyu murage.”
Yongeyeho ko inyungu za Geopark zitagarukira mu bushakashatsi gusa, ahubwo zifite ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubukungu bw’abaturage binyuze mu bukerarugendo bushingiye ku bumenyi n’umurage kamere.
Yagize ati:”Mu bihugu bifite Geoparks, ubukerarugendo ntibushingira gusa ku kureba ibyiza nyaburanga. Habaho no gusobanura amateka y’ahantu, uburyo habayeho, impamvu ari ingenzi n’akamaro gafitiye abantu. Ibyo bituma abakerarugendo bamara igihe kinini muri ako gace, bagakoresha amafaranga menshi kandi inyungu zikagera ku baturage. Ni amahirwe akomeye ku rubyiruko, ku bagore no ku bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bikorerwa hafi y’aho hantu.”
Prof. Rwabuhungu yanagaragaje ko Geopark ishobora gufasha mu kubungabunga umurage kamere uriho mbere y’uko wangirika cyangwa ugatakara bitewe n’ibikorwa bya muntu cyangwa ihindagurika ry’ibihe.
Ati:”Iyo ahantu hafite agaciro ka geolojiya hatitabwaho, hashobora kwangizwa n’ibikorwa bya muntu cyangwa se amateka yako akibagirana. Geopark itanga uburyo bwo kubumenya, kubwandika, kuburinda no kubusigira abazadukomokaho. Ni uburyo bwo kubungabunga amateka y’Isi yanditse mu butaka bwacu.”
Mu gusoza, yavuze ko urugendo rwo gusaba UNESCO Global Geopark rutagomba gufatwa nk’umushinga wa Leta cyangwa uw’impuguke gusa, ahubwo ko ari urugendo rusaba uruhare rwa buri wese.
Yagize ati:”Intsinzi y’iyi gahunda ntabwo izaterwa gusa n’ubushakashatsi cyangwa inyandiko zizatangwa muri UNESCO. Izaterwa n’uburyo abaturage, inzego za Leta, abashakashatsi, amashuri, abikorera n’abafatanyabikorwa bose bazafatanya kubungabunga no guteza imbere uyu murage. Iyo abaturage bumvise agaciro k’ibyo bafite, ni bwo Geopark iba ifite amahirwe menshi yo kuramba no gutanga inyungu zirambye.”
Byitezwe kandi ko abaturage bo mu turere twa Musanze na Burera, ndetse n’ahandi hateganyijwe kuzaba muri Geopark, bazungukira muri gahunda z’ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku baturage, ubukorikori, ibikorwa ndangamuco, serivisi zo kwakira abashyitsi n’indi mirimo mishya ishobora kuvuka.
Yego, kongeramo ingero za Geoparks zisanzwe zemewe na UNESCO bituma umusomyi asobanukirwa neza urwego Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda rushaka kugeraho.
Nirugera ku ntego yarwo, uru rugendo ruzatuma Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda rwiyongera ku muryango mpuzamahanga wa UNESCO Global Geoparks ugizwe n’uturere turenga 220 two mu bihugu bisaga 50 ku Isi. Muri Afurika, rwazisanga nka Geoparks za M’Goun UNESCO Global Geopark na Jbel Bani UNESCO Global Geopark zo muri Maroc, ndetse na Ngorongoro-Lengai UNESCO Global Geopark yo muri Tanzania, izwi cyane kubera ikirunga cya Ol Doinyo Lengai n’amateka ya kera y’ikorwa ry’ikiremwamuntu. Ni mu gihe ku mugabane w’u Burayi, rwazisanga nka English Riviera UNESCO Global Geopark mu Bwongereza, Magma UNESCO Global Geopark muri Noruveje na Lesvos UNESCO Global Geopark mu Bugereki.
Muri Aziya harimo nka Jeju Island UNESCO Global Geopark muri Koreya y’Epfo, imwe mu zizwi cyane ku Isi kubera ibirunga n’ubuvumo byayo. Kwiyongera kuri uru rutonde byatuma u Rwanda ruba kimwe mu bihugu bike bya Afurika bifite Geopark yemewe na UNESCO, bikarushaho kugaragaza uruhare rwabwo mu kubungabunga umurage kamere, guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’ubukerarugendo burambye.
