Uko gutunganya imyanda bishobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere

Mu gihe mu Rwanda ibice by’imijyi bikomeje kwaguka no gukurura abatuye hirya no hino mu gihugu, ikibazo cy’imyanda kiri mu by’ibanze bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abaturage no ku bidukikije.

Imyanda idatunganyijwe neza ishobora kuba isoko y’imyuka ihumanya ikirere, cyane cyane iyo itwitswe mu buryo budakurikije amabwiriza cyangwa igasigara mu mihanda no mu bishanga ikabyara imyuka ihumanya binyuze mu bundi buryo bw’imyuka y’amakara n’ibinyabutabire bishya.

Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’inzego zitandukanye z’ibidukikije, bwagaragaye ko imyanda yo mu mijyi itanga umusanzu munini mu kongera imyuka yangiza ikirere nka methane (CH₄) na dioxyde de carbone (CO₂).

Iyi myuka ni imwe mu bitiza umurindi ihindagurika ry’ibihe, ikongera ubushyuhe bw’isi, bikaba byanagira ingaruka ku musaruro w’ubuhinzi n’imibereho rusange.

Ibigo bifite inshingano zo kurengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda nka REMA, byagaragaje ko gutunganya imyanda mu buryo bugezweho ari imwe mu nzira zigamije kugabanya umwanda w’ikirere.

Mu rwego rwo gushakira ibisubizo birambye iki kibazo, hashyizweho gahunda yo gukusanya imyanda ku buryo bunoze, kuyitandukanya hakiri kare hagati y’ishobora gusubirwamo n’itabishobora, ndetse no kuyibyaza umusaruro mu nganda ziciriritse zikora ifumbire n’ibindi bicuruzwa.

Bamwe mu batuye mu mujyi wa Musanze uri mijyi iteye imbere cyane yunganira Kigali baganiriye na Greenafrica.rw, bavuga ko aho gahunda nshya yo gukusanya imyanda yinjiriye, bigabanyije imyanda itwikwa n’abantu ku giti cyabo, ibintu bafata nk’intambwe ikomeye mu kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Umuturage witwa Mukamana Claudine yagize ati: “Ubu imyanda ikusanywa buri munsi, ntitukiyitwika mu ngo zacu nk’uko byahoze. Twizera ko bigabanya ubuhumane kandi bikadufasha kugira isuku mu ngo zacu no mujyi.”

Itangishaka Pascal yagize ati:”Mbere twabonaga imyanda ibaye myinshi mu rugo tukayitwika indi tukayijugunya muri za ruhurura imvura yagwa bigatemba, twaje kumenya ko kuyitwika byangiza ikirere tubicikaho,ikindi twanamenye ko kuyimena muri za ruhurura byanduza amazi,bikica n’ibinyabuzima bibamo birimo n’ibyo turya nk’amafi, amashonzi..,dufata ingamba yo kuzajya tuyibika bakaza kuyitwara Kandi natwe byaratworohereje kuko byatumye turushaho kugira isuku i wacu no mu dusantere dutuyemo dushamitse ku mujyi wacu.”

Mu nkengero z’umujyi wa Musanze,mu kagari ka Kavumu,mu murenge wa Muhoza,hagiye kubakwa uruganda ruzajya rutunganya imyanda ikusanywa iva mu baturage no mu mujyi, ruzajye ruyibyaza ingufu z’amashanyarazi ndetse n’ibisigazwa byayo bikabyazwa undi musaruro aho kunyanyagizwa aho ishobora kubera imbogamizi ibidukikije.

Inzego z’ibidukikije zigaragaza ko Musanze ifite amahirwe akomeye yo kuba icyitegererezo mu Rwanda mu bijyanye no guhangana n’ingaruka z’imyanda, bitewe n’uko ari umujyi w’ubukerarugendo. Gutunganya imyanda mu buryo burambye ntibifasha gusa kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ahubwo binarinda isura y’umujyi, bikongera umutekano w’abasura Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga n’ahandi hantu nyaburanga.

Uyu mushinga wa Kavumu Waste Power Plant (KWPP) ugiye gutangizwa mu karere ka Musanze, ufite intego yo guteza imbere umuvuduko w’iterambere, kurengera ibidukikije no kongera umusaruro w’ingufu zisubira nk’uko byagarutsweho n’umuyobozi wawo Mburano Paulin.

Ati:”Dukoresheje imyanda nk’isoko y’ingufu zisukuye Kandi zishobora kwisubiramo,turi guhangana n’ibibazo bibiri bikomeye muri iki gihe byo gucunga imyanda neza no kubona ingufu zizewe Kandi zirambye,uyu mushinga uzagabanya ingaruka mbi z’imyanda idacungwa neza ndetse unatange umuriro w’amashanyarazi wizewe uzafasha imiryango yacu,inganda no kugabanya indwara zitandukanye zikomoka ku myanda idacunzwe neza.”

ERIC Ntwari,umuhuzabikorwa w’uyu mushinga wa Kavumu Waste Power Plant agaragaza ko uyu ari umushinga waje gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye cyane cyane icy’ibimoteri byari bimaze kuzura,ibishingwe bigenda bitera indwara zitandukanye cyangwa se no guhumanya ikirere.

Ati:”Uyu ni umushinga uje kuba igisubizo ku Banyarwanda bose muri rusange ariko Kandi akaba ari amahirwe akomeye ku Banyamusanze ari naho wahisemo gushyirwa kuko abarenga 500 uzabaha akazi gahoraho ka buri munsi na banyakabyizi bagera kuri 200, Nta mpamvu y’indwara zikomoka ku mwanda ,nta mpamvu y’ibishingwe mu mujyi,ibi Kandi byinjiye muri gahunda ya Green city kuko uyu mushinga ufite igice gikomeye kizajya gitanga amahugurwa kuri ibi bikorwa (training center) aho ibihugu bitandukanye bizajya byohereza abanyeshuri gusura uruganda no kwiga ibijyanye n’ubukerarugendo bwaho kuko n’amashyamba yaho azatunganywa neza.”

“Mu gutwika no gutunganya iyi myanda ,nti bitazangiza ibidukikije kuko umwotsi n’ivu bizavamo, bizajya bibyazwamo ibindi bikoresho bifite akamaro nk’amakaro ndetse n’umwotsi wapfaga ubusa uzabyazwa Carbon kubufatanye n’abafatanya bikorwa bo muri za Singapore turikugirana ibjganiro.”

Uyu mushinga Kandi werekejwe muri Kavumu kuko ufite gahunda yo kuzatunganya amazi yoherezwa mu baturage,aho ufatiye ku mugezi wa Mpenge bigaragara ko ufite amazi menshi Kandi meza.

Mu kubyaza umusaruro imyanda izabyazwa ingufu z’amashanarazi, biteganyijwe ko uyu mushinga uzajya utwika toni 400 z’ibishingwe buri munsi. Uyu mushinga ufite agaciro ka miliyoni 80 z’amadorali arenga miliyari 100 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda,uzubakwa kuri Hegitari 35 zirimo ibice bizakorerwaho ibikorwa bitandukanye.

Nubwo uyu mushinga witezweho gukemura ibibazo by’imyanda yakusanywaga ikurwa mu mijyi, leta y’u Rwanda ikomeje ingamba zo guhangana n’ikoreshwa rya parasitike usanga yo ari n’ikibazo gikomeye mu bimoteri byo mu mijyi itandukanye kuko binyanyagira vuba kubera umuyaga bikajya mu mirima no mu mazi.

Iki kibazo cyatumye umunyamakuru wa Greenafrica.rw asura ikimoteri rusange cy’akarere ka Musanze giherereye mu kagari ka Bukinanyana, umurenge wa Cyuve maze ahasanga bamwe mu baturage barimo n’abana bajonjora amacupa ya palasitiki mu yindi myanda ngo bayagurishe, aho ikilo kimwe cyayo ngo kigura amafaranga mirongo itanu (50 FRW) kugira ngo bajye kuyakoramo ibindi bintu na none bya palasitiki.

Maniraho Philippe, Sibomana na Nyiramahirwe Jacqueline ni bamwe mu baturage baturiye iki kimoteri. Batangaje ko kibabangamiye cyane ko uretse n’umunuko wacyo ngo n’abana bamwe batangiye guta ishuri kubera kwirirwa bashakisha ibikoresho bya palasitiki bishaje byahajugunywe.

Maniraho agira ati: “Abaturage duturiye iki kimoteri rusange, kiratubangamiye kuko n’abana bacu basigaye baducika bakajya gushakamo amacupa n’ibidomoro ndetse n’ibindi bintu bya palasitiki byo kugurisha kuko hari abashoramari baza kubigura.”

Umuturanyi we witwa Sibomana na we yatangaje ko uretse n’umunuko, aha ari ho abana bajya kuragira amatungo (ihene n’intama) kugira ngo babone nuko batoragura ya macupa ya palasitiki.

Uretse abahaturiye, Greenafrica.rw yanagiranye ikiganiro n’umugore ukorera Kampani yitwa BIDEC (Business Initiative for Development Company Ltd) ikora ifumbire y’imborera mu bisigazwa bibora biva muri iki kimoteri.

We yagize ati: “Maze igihe kinini cyane hano, nkorera iyi kampani ariko ibyo nabonye n’ibyo mbona, ababyeyi bafite ingorane cyane kuko abana babo birirwa hano mu myanda bashakisha biriya bisigazwa bya palasitiki ngo byo kugurisha. Bamwe bataye ishuri ndetse n’ikindi kibabaje cyane ni uko usangamo n’abana b’abakobwa kandi hari n’igihe bararamo bashakisha ibyo bintu.
Ubuyobozi nibufate umwanya, bwigishe ababyeyi bakumire abana babo ndetse bubategeke basubire ku ishuri kuko nibitaba ibyo hazavamo n’uburara buherekejwe n’inda zidateganijwe.”

Icyo amategeko ateganya ku mikoreshereze ya pulasitiki

Nyuma yo kumenya ko ibikoresho bya palasitiki bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa muntu, cyane cyane iyo bishaje ndetse bikagira n’uruhare mu guhungabanya ibidukikije, Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho itegeko N°48/2018 ryo kuwa 13/08/2018 rigenga ibidukikije aho rigaragaza amahame yose arigize agira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije. Ingingo yaryo ya 3 igira iti: “Ibikorwa bigaragayeho cyangwa bikekwaho kuba byagira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije ntibigomba gutangira mu gihe inyigo za gihanga zitaragaragaza ko nta kibazo byateza”.

Ni mu gihe ingingo yaryo ya 4 igira iti: “Ihame ry’uburambe bw’ibidukikije rifasha guha amahirwe angana ibisekuruza bitandukanye. Uburenganzira ku majyambere bugomba kugerwaho hitabwa ku bikenerwa kukurengera no kubungabunga umwuka wo mu kirere.”

Iri tegeko rigaruka kandi ku bikorwa bibujijwe byerekeye ubutabire n’imyanda aho mu ngingo yaryo ya 45 hagira hati:

“1° kurunda, kujugunya no gushyira imyanda ahantu rusange hatemewe n’amategeko cyangwa ahandi hantu hose hatabugenewe;

2° kwinjiza mu gihugu imyanda ihumanya n’ibindi byose byagira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’abantu n’ibidukikije;

3° kugura, kugurisha, gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga, gucisha mu gihugu, guhunika no kurunda imiti, urusobe rw’imiti n’ibindi bintu bihumanya cyangwa byateza impanuka;

4° gukoresha intambi, imiti iyobya ubwenge, imiti y’ubutabire ifite uburozi n’imitego mu mazi ku buryo bwasindisha amafi cyangwa bukanayica;

5° gukoresha imiti iyobya ubwenge, imiti y’ubutabire ifite uburozi n’imitego ku buryo bwica inyamaswa zihigwa ndetse no gutuma zidashobora kuribwa;

6° kwituma, kwihagarika, gucira, guta ikimyira n’indi myanda ikomoka ku mubiri w’umuntu ahabonetse hose;

7° gutwika imyanda yo mu rugo, ibishingwe, amapine ndetse n’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki.”

Iri tegeko rinateganya n’ bihano ku batwika ibiyorero, amapine n’ibikoresho bya palasitiki aho mu ngingo ya 52 hagira hati: “Umuntu wese utwika imyanda yo mu rugo binyuranyije n’amategeko, ibiyorero, amapine na palasitiki, ahanishwa ihazabu yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu (25.000 FRW).”