Ibyanya bikomye bibungwabungwa na UNESCO bimaze kuba isoko y’ubukungu n’ubuzima(Amafoto)
Ku itariki ya 3 Ugushyingo 2025, mu Karere ka Rutsiro, UNESCO Rwanda yizihije ku nshuro ya kane Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Ibyanya Bikomye (Biosphere Reserves), ku nsanganyamatsiko igira iti: “Guteza Imbere Abagore no Gusubiza Ibidukikije Ubuzima: Inzuki n’Ibyanya Bikomye ku Nyungu z’Iterambere Rirambye”, igamije gushishikariza abagore kubungabunga ubusugire bw’ibidukikije, inzuki, n’ibyanya bikomye mu buryo burambye.
Uyu muhango wabereye muri Pariki y’Igihugu ya Gishwati-Mukura, imwe mu byanya byari byarangiritse ariko ubu bikaba icyitegererezo mu gusubiranya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no mu bumwe hagati y’abantu n’ibidukikije.
Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura yagaruye ubuzima n’uruhu rwayo rw’icyatsi kibisi, irimo amoko menshi y’ibiti gakondo, ibinyabuzima bitandukanye birimo inyoni n’inyamaswa, byose bigira uruhare mu gusubiranya urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Ifite kandi utugezi dutandukanye dutanga amazi meza n’ubushyuhe bwiza, bituma iba isoko y’umwuka mwiza ku baturage b’Akarere ka Rutsiro n’utundi turere tuyikikije.
Amatsinda y’abagore bakora ubuvumvu (beekeeping) yagaragaje intambwe ikomeye mu kuzamura imibereho yabo. Beatrice Uwamahoro, umwe muri bo, yasobanuye uburyo ubuvumvu bwafashije umuryango we kwikura mu bukene:
“Twamenye ko inzuki atari inyamaswa zisanzwe, ahubwo ari ubuzima bwacu. Ubu turinjiza amafaranga, abana bacu bakiga, kandi dutanga umusanzu mu kubungabunga pariki.”
Umugenzi we, Devota Uwamahoro, yashimye uruhare rwa UNESCO mu kubatera inkunga binyuze mu mahugurwa, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, no kongerera ubumenyi abagore mu buvumvu bugezweho:
“Tumaze gutera intambwe ikomeye mu buvumvu kandi turacyakomeza kongera ubumenyi n’imbaraga zacu. Turashimira UNESCO, tubifata nk’umubyeyi utuyobora muri uyu mwuga, kuko ubumenyi tubona bugira uruhare mu kongera umusaruro wacu.”
Devota yagaragaje kandi ibibazo bikigaragara bijyanye no gukoresha nabi imiti y’ubuhinzi, igahitana inzuki:
“Abahinzi baracyakoresha imiti igihe inzuki ziri gusarura indabo, bituma inzuki zicika intege kandi zigapfa. Turasaba ibikorwa byo gukangurira abahinzi kumenya igihe cyiza cyo gutera imiti no kubafasha kurengera ibidukikije n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.”
Mu guhangana n’ibi bibazo, imitiba ya kijyambere irashyirwa mu bikorwa, iherekejwe n’ubusitani bw’indabyo butandukanye, butanga indabo mu bihe bitandukanye, kugira ngo inzuki zibone ibyo kurya hafi, zirusheho kubaho neza kandi umusaruro w’ubuki wiyongere.
Jean d’Amascene Mukire, umukozi ushinzwe izi ntera z’ubusitani, yasobanuye akamaro k’izi mbago zatewe:
“Inzuki zikenera aho zibona indabo buri munsi. Twateye amoko atandukanye y’ibiti gakondo n’ibigezweho hano muri Gishwati, tuziha ibyo kurya hafi. Ibi bizafasha kurengera ubuzima bw’inzuki, kongera umusaruro w’ubuki, ndetse bikaba isoko y’ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku nzuki bwiyongera ku bukorerwa muri pariki.”
Marie Chantal Nyirakamineza, umuyobozi wa UNICOAPIGI (Rutsiro Honey LTD),rutunganya ubuki buzwi nka Gishwati Nature Honey, yashimye abagore ku musaruro wabo w’ubuki w’umwimerere kandi agaragaza ko hakiri imbaraga zo kongera umusaruro:
“Koperative z’aba bagore ni isoko y’ubuki bw’umwimerere dukoresha, kandi zituma babasha gutunga imiryango yabo. Turabasaba gukomeza kwiyungura ubumenyi no kwigisha bagenzi babo kugira ngo umusaruro wiyongere kandi tugere ku masoko manini.”
Ir. Dominique Mvunabandi, ukora muri UNESCO Rwanda mu Ishami ry’Ikoranabuhanga n’udushya, yavuze ko kwizihiza uyu munsi ari uburyo bwo gusuzuma uruhare rw’ibyanya bikomye mu iterambere ry’abaturage no mu kubungabunga ibidukikije:
“Ibyanya bikomye ni ubuzima. Bitanga umwuka duhumeka, amazi, n’umusaruro w’imirimo ishingiye ku bidukikije. Gishwati-Mukura yabaye ishuri ry’imibereho myiza no gukorera hamwe n’ibidukikije.”
Emmanuel Uwizeyimana, Visi Meya w’Akarere ka Rutsiro ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubukungu, yashimangiye ko pariki ifasha mu kugera ku ntego za Vision 2050 no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo n’ubuhinzi burambye:
“Gishwati-Mukura idufasha kumenyekana ku masoko nk’akarere gafite ubuki bwiza kandi burambye. Itanga amahirwe ku rubyiruko n’abagore mu guhanga n’ubukerarugendo.”
Dr Andrew Kibogo, umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, ishami rya Nyagatare, yavuze ko inzuki zigira uruhare rukomeye mu buhinzi binyuze mu kubangurira indabo:
“Inzuki ni ingenzi mu guhinga no gutanga ubuki. Iyo zigabanutse, si ubuki gusa bugabanyuka, ahubwo n’umusaruro w’ibihingwa uragabanuka, kuko 70% by’ibihingwa ku Isi bisaba inzuki mu kubangurirwa. Kubungabunga inzuki ni urufunguzo rw’umutekano w’ibiribwa.”
FAO ivuga ko agaciro k’ubuhinzi buzamurwa n’inzuki ku Isi kagera kuri miliyari 570 z’amadolari buri mwaka. Mu Rwanda, abagore n’urubyiruko binyuze mu makoperative y’ubuki barabyungukiramo.
Anaclet Budahera, Umuyobozi wa Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura, yashimiye ubuyobozi bw’Akarere n’abaturage ku bufatanye mu kubungabunga pariki:
“Gishwati-Mukura ni ishusho y’uko abantu bashobora kubana neza n’ibidukikije. Itanga umwuka mwiza, amahirwe y’ubukerarugendo, n’iterambere ry’abagore n’urubyiruko. Turashimira ubufatanye bwa UNESCO n’Akarere.”
Marie Christine Gasingirwa, PhD, Umuyobozi wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu ya UNESCO, yashimye abagore ku musaruro wabo, avuga ko ari urugero ku bandi:
“Ubwiza bw’ibikorwa byabo bugaragaza ko gukorana, gukora ubushakashatsi no gusangira ubumenyi bitanga iterambere rirambye. Amashuri ya TVET akwiye gukomeza gukora udushya turengera ibidukikije, nko gukora amashyiga arondereza ibicanwa, kugira ngo amashyamba arusheho kubungwabungwa.”
Imitiba ya kijyambere 135 yahawe abagore, harimo 90 yatanzwe mbere na 45 yatanzwe kuri uyu munsi. Bahawe kandi amashyiga 36 arondereza ibicanwa mu kubungabunga amashyamba, imyambaro y’ubuvumvu 33 (beekeeping suit kits) hamwe na boots 33, byongera ku byatanzwe mbere.
Uyu mwuga ukorerwa muri koperative eshatu z’abagore, CODACE, COAPIRU, na COVED, watumye abagore bagaragaza ubushobozi bwabo mu buvumvu, umwuga wari usanzwe ufatwa nk’uw’abagabo.
Ku Isi hose, Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Ibyanya Bikomye wizihizwa kuva mu 1972, naho mu Rwanda kuri ubu ni ku nshuro ya kane. Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura yanditse amateka mashya mu kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, iterambere ry’ubukungu, no kugaragaza amahoro hagati y’abantu n’ibidukikije.
Inzuki zigira uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bw’ikiremwamuntu. Ku isi, hafi 70% by’ibihingwa abantu barya bisaba ko zibangurirwa. Uretse gutanga ubuki, inzuki zifasha mu kubangurira ibiti n’ibihingwa, bigatuma umusaruro w’ubuhinzi wiyongera hagati ya 30–40%.
Ubushakashatsi bwa FAO bwerekana ko umusanzu w’inzuki mu musaruro w’ubuhinzi ku isi urenga miliyari 500 z’amadolari buri mwaka. Mu Rwanda, ubuki bw’ikirango Gishwati Nature Honey, buturuka ku makoperative y’abagore, bwamaze kugera ku masoko y’igihugu n’ay’akarere.
Pariki ya Gishwati-Mukura ifite ubuso bwa hegitari 34,000, igizwe n’imisozi ya Gishwati na Mukura, byahoze ari ishyamba rinini rya Congo-Nile Divide. Nyuma yo kwangirika kubera ubuhinzi n’inkongi, ibikorwa byo gusubiranya byatangiye mu 2014 ku bufatanye bwa Leta y’u Rwanda, RDB na UNESCO.
Kuri ubu, pariki irimo inyamaswa nka Blue Monkey, Colobus, Golden Monkey, n’inyoni zirenga 230.
Uko imyaka igenda, Gishwati-Mukura ikomeza kuba isoko y’ubuzima n’ubukungu, aho inzuki zigaragaza ko kubungabunga ibidukikije atari umwihariko w’abahanga gusa, ahubwo ari isoko ry’imirimo, ubuzima, n’iterambere rirambye.
