Pariki y’Akagera ikomeje kuba icyitegererezo mu guteza imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije
Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera ikomeje kuba icyitegererezo mu guteza imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije, nyuma y’imyaka irenga 15 u Rwanda rutangiye urugendo rwo kuyisubiza ubuzima no guhindura amateka yo kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Yahoze yiyongera mu kaga kubera ubuhigi, imiturire idateguwe n’ubuhinzi bwangiza ibidukikije, ariko kuva mu 2010 imbaraga zashyizwe mu kuyisana zayihinduye imwe mu pariki zifite ejo hazaza heza muri Afurika. Iyi pariki iherereye mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, ikozweho n’uturere twa Kayonza na Nyagatare, ikaba yitwa Akagera ku izina ry’umugezi uyicamo.
Kuva yatangira kongera gusubizwa ubuzima, Pariki y’Akagera yakomeje kwakira urujya n’uruza rw’abashyitsi baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye. Abakerarugendo basaga 470,622 bamaze kuyisura kuva mu 2010, barimo Abanyarwanda bangana na 45%. Uru rugendo rw’abashyitsi rwatanze umusanzu ukomeye mu bukungu bw’igihugu kuko rwinjije miliyoni 32.1 z’amadolari.
Ubuyobozi bwayo bugaragaza ko ibikorwa bya pariki byagize uruhare rufatika mu mibereho y’abaturage baturiye pariki, mu bukungu bw’igihugu no mu kurengera ibidukikije.
Kugeza ubu, miliyoni 5.7 z’amadolari zimaze kugera mu baturage mu buryo butaziguye binyuze mu mishahara y’abakozi no mu kugura ibikenerwa byo mu bucuruzi bwo hafi yayo. Indi miliyoni 1.07 yavuye mu bufatanye n’abagize umuryango wa Community Freelance Guide Cooperative watangiye mu 2014, ubafasha kubona akazi no kwihangira ibikorwa bifitanye isano n’ubukerarugendo.
Karinganire Jean Paul, ushinzwe abafatanyabikorwa n’inkunga zinjira muri pariki, asobanura ko ubufatanye bwa pariki n’abaturage ari ryo banga ry’umutekano no gukomeza kwiyongera kw’umusaruro ukomoka ku bukerarugendo.
Avuga ko abaturage bamaze guhindura imyumvire kuri pariki, bakava mu bikorwa byo kuyihungabanya nk’ubuhigi no gushimuta inyamaswa, ahubwo bakagira uruhare mu kuyirinda no gutuma inyamaswa ziba hanze ya pariki zibonerwa aho gusubizwamo mu mutekano.
Ati:”Abaturage batadushyigikiye, ntabwo dushobora kugera ku iterambere rirambye, kugeza ubu bamaze guhindura imyumvire ntibakirajwe ishinga n’ibikorwa byo kwangiza pariki nk’ubuhigi no gushimuta inyamaswa ahubwo nabo basigaye bafite uruhare rwo gutuma zimwe mu nyamaswa ziri hanze ya pariki ziboneka zigasubizwamo.
Ubufatanye hagati ya pariki n’abaturage bwafashije no gushyigikira ibikorwa by’iterambere mu baturage, aho miliyoni 4.7 z’amadolari zagiye mu bikorwa bya Revenue Sharing Scheme n’Ikigega cy’Inkunga Idasanzwe bigamije guteza imbere abaturage baturiye pariki. Ibi bikorwa byatumye abaturage bagira uruhare mu kubungabunga pariki kuko nabo babona inyungu ziturukamo.
Mbere yo gushyiraho uruzitiro rugezweho mu 2013, ubuhigi n’ubushimusi byari byarafashe indi ntera. Abashimusi bakoreshaga amagare, moto n’ibindi bikoresho byihuta mu gutwara inyamaswa zishwe, ndetse bagatema ibiti bya Kabaruka (East African Sandalwood) byajyanwaga muri Uganda no hanze y’isi bikorwamo imibavu n’amavuta atanga impumuro.
Karinganire avuga ko mbere ya 2013 imitego yagaragaraga muri pariki yari irenga 2,000, mu gihe mu mwaka ushize hatabonetse irenze 100, byose bikaba byaragerweho kubera ubufatanye bw’inzego zose zirimo abaturage na polisi.
Ati:” Mbere ya 2013, hatarashyirwaho uruzitiro guhiga no gushimuta byafashe indi ntera kuko hano hari ibikoresho gakondo byinshi twagiye tubafatana,ibikoresho byihuta nk’amagare na moto byo gutwaraho inyamaswa n’ibindi bakuye muri pariki ndetse n’imitego myinshi bategaga byabashije gufatwa bizanywa hano binyuze ku bufatanye na polisi.”
Kongera kubungabunga pariki byatanze akazi ku baturage benshi. Abakozi ba pariki bemewe ni 326, 90% muri bo bakaba bavuka hafi ya pariki. Ubuyobozi buvuga ko imishinga 245 y’abaturage yatewe inkunga ingana na miliyari 5.6 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, naho miliyari 1.2 yatanzwe mu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2024–2025.
Abaturage baturiye pariki bavuga ko kuyibungabunga byabazaniye amahirwe yo kubona imibereho myiza, harimo n’ubworozi bw’amafi bwabafashije kwihaza mu biribwa no kwinjiza amafaranga.
Habihirwe Jean Claude wo mu murenge wa Rwinkwavu avuga ko pariki yamubereye urufunguzo rw’ubuzima bushya, kuko yamuhaye amahirwe yo kwiga ubukerarugendo no kubona akazi, bituma anatangiza umushinga Hirwa Children Foundation ufasha abana kumenya impano zabo no gukunda ibidukikije.
Ati:”Mvuka muri uyu murenge wegereye pariki y’igihugu y’Akagera, navutse mu muryango utishoboye ku buryo nari naracikikije amashuri ariko pariki yaje kumfasha niga ubukerarugendo,ndasoza.bampa akazi none ubu nahisemo gushinga iki kigo kugira ngo nanjye ntange umusanzu mu gufasha abana kubyaza umusaruro impano zabo zirimo no gukora ubukorikori butandukanye mu rwego rwo kubibyaza inyungu Kandi bagakura bazi by’umwihariko akamaro ko kubungabunga ibidukikije na pariki muri rusange.”
Pariki y’Akagera yakomeje gukurura abakerarugendo bavuye hirya no hino ku isi. Gina Santos, umukerarugendo wo muri Brazil, avuga ko ubuzima bwa pariki bwamusize anezerewe cyane. Yishimiye cyane urugendo rwo mu bwato mu Kiyaga Ihema, akabona imvubu, ingona n’inyoni zitandukanye, yavuze ko Akagera kamwigishije agaciro ko kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Ati:”Nishimiye kuba nasuye iyi pariki, ni ubwa mbere ngeze mu Rwanda ariko nifuzaga kuhagera Kandi inzozi zabaye impamo, Nishimiye cyane ibyiza nasanze muri iyi pariki birimo ibiti byiza, inyamaswa nini n’into zibereye amaso, bantemebereje mu bwato mu Kiyaga cya Ihema ni ikintu ntigeze mbona ahandi. Ureba imvubu zigenda mu mazi, ingona ziryamye ku zuba, inyoni z’amoko menshi zicurangira ishyamba. Akagera inyigishije ko kubungabunga ibidukikije bitanga ubuzima bushya ku gihugu cyose,”
IKiyaga cya Ihema ni kimwe mu biyaga 10 bigize pariki, kikaba umutima w’ubuzima bw’inyamaswa zo mu mazi n’izishaka amazi. Ibi biyaga n’ibishanga byo muri pariki bikomeza gukurura abakerarugendo bakunda ingendo z’amazi.
Pariki y’Akagera irimo inyamaswa zikomeye zo muri Big Five zirimo inzovu, intare, imbogo, inkura n’ingwe, kimwe n’izindi nyinshi zituye mu duce twayo twa savannah n’ibishanga binini. Ifite inyoni zirenga 500 z’amoko atandukanye, ndetse n’ibimera birimo acacia, palm trees, papyrus n’amashyamba yihanganira ubushyuhe.
Iyo ugereranyije ibyari muri pariki mbere y’umwaka wa 2010 n’ibiyirimo ubu, usanga hari impinduka ikomeye yagezweho. Mbere, pariki yari yarasigaye henda kuba ubutayu: inyamaswa zari zaragabanutse, imitego yabonekaga ari myinshi, abaturage batari bafite imyumvire yo kuyirinda, ndetse n’ibiyaga byari byarangiritse.
Ubu, pariki ifite uruzitiro rugezweho rutuma ubushimusi bugabanuka ku kigero cya hafi 90%, inyamaswa zirimo intare n’inkura zikaba zongeye kwiyongera, n’ubukerarugendo bukaba bugenda buzana inyungu ku gihugu n’abaturage.
Pariki y’Akagera yakomeje kwigaragaza nk’ahantu hihariye mu Rwanda n’akarere, ikaba icyitegererezo mu kugarura ibidukikije byangiritse no kubihindura isoko y’ubukungu n’iterambere rirambye. Uru ni urugero rwerekana ko ubufatanye bw’inzego zose bushobora kuvana ahantu mu kaga bukahashyira mu rwego mpuzamahanga.
Iyi pariki yahoranye ubuso bunini cyane, kuko mbere ya 1997 yari ifite kilometero kare zisaga 2,500 (km²). Nyuma yo kugabanyuka kubera abaturage bari baratuye mu gice kinini cyayo no gukemura amakimbirane y’imiturire, ubuso bwayo bwagabanyijwe bukagera kuri kilometero kare 1,122 (km²) ifite ubu.
Leta y’u Rwanda ishyira imbere gahunda yo kubungabunga za pariki binyuze muri politiki y’Igihugu yo kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima (Biodiversity Policy) n’itegeko riyobora imicungire y’ibidukikije. Iyi gahunda ishingiye ku ngamba zitandukanye zirimo kongerera ubushobozi inzego zicunga pariki, gukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa nka African Parks mu micungire ya Pariki y’Akagera na Nyungwe, n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda ya “Revenue Sharing Program” igenera 10% ry’amadovize yinjizwa n’ubukerarugendo abaturage baturiye za pariki, hagamijwe kugabanya amakimbirane hagati y’inyamaswa n’abaturage.
Leta kandi ishyiraho gahunda zo kurengera ibidukikije zirimo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gukurikirana inyamaswa (GPS tracking, drones), kongera ubuso bw’Amashyamba, kurwanya ibikorwa by’uburokozi, n’iterambere ry’ubukerarugendo burambye bushyigikira kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima mu gihugu.
