Kurengera ibidukikije binyuze mu gucunga imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga,intego y’u Rwanda mu 2050

U Rwanda ruri mu bukangurambaga bushya bugamije gukusanya no gutunganya imyanda ikomoka ku bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga (e-waste) mu buryo burengera ibidukikije, mu gihe isi yose ihanganye n’ingaruka zituruka kuri iyo myanda.

Iyi gahunda iyobowe na Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya (MINICT), hagamijwe guhangana n’ikibazo gikomeje kwiyongera bitewe n’izamuka ry’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga cya Loni gishinzwe iterambere (United Nations University) bwerekana ko buri mwaka ku isi hakorwa toni zirenga miliyoni 60 z’imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga, ariko munsi ya 20% niyo itunganywa mu buryo bwemewe.

Iyo myanda ikubiyemo ibinyabutabire bikomeye nka kurumeti (lead), merikuri (mercury), kadimiyumu (cadmium) na aseniki (arsenic), byose bishobora kwangiza ubutaka, amazi n’umwuka mu gihe bitatunganyijwe neza.

Iyo ibikoresho byashaje bijugunywe mu butaka cyangwa bigatwikwa mu buryo butemewe, bisohora imyuka ihumanya ndetse n’imiti yanduza amazi abantu banywa.

Mu Rwanda, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryatumye abaturage benshi bagira mudasobwa, telefoni n’ibindi bikoresho bigezweho. Ariko uko bigenda bisimburwa, hasigara imyanda myinshi idafite aho ijyanwa mu buryo bukwiye.

Ibi bitera ikibazo gikomeye cyo kwangirika kw’ibidukikije, cyane cyane mu mijyi no mu bice bikorerwamo ubucuruzi bwa tekinoloji.

Abahanga mu bidukikije bavuga ko iyo myanda ituma ubutaka budahingwa neza, amazi akandura ndetse ikanateza indwara nk’izifata ubuhumekero na kanseri.

Minisitiri w’Ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya, Paula Ingabire, yavuze ko imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga atari ikibazo cy’iterambere gusa, ahubwo ari n’icy’ubuzima bw’abantu n’ibidukikije.

Yagize ati: “Iyo ibikoresho bishaje bitunganyijwe nabi, bishobora kwanduza ubutaka n’amazi abaturage banywa, bigahungabanya ubuzima bwabo n’imibereho y’igihe kirekire.”

Mu gukemura iki kibazo, u Rwanda rwatangije gahunda yiswe Ikoranabuhanga ribungabunga ibidukikije (Green ICT), igamije guhuza iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga n’uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije.

Iyi gahunda ishyirwa mu bikorwa binyuze mu gukusanya no gutunganya imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga, kuyisubiza ku isoko cyangwa kuyibyaza umusaruro mu bundi buryo butangiza ibidukikije.

Uruganda Enviroserve Rwanda, ruherereye mu Karere ka Bugesera, ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragaza intambwe u Rwanda rumaze gutera, kuko rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya toni zirenga ibihumbi icumi z’imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga buri mwaka.

Rutunganya mudasobwa, telefoni, televiziyo, firigo n’ibindi bikoresho byononekaye, rukabivanamo ibyuma n’ibindi bikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye.

Leta yashyizeho kandi ahantu abaturage bashobora gushyira ibikoresho byabo byashaje mu buryo bwizewe, mu gihe ubukangurambaga bukomeje mu mashuri n’amatsinda y’urubyiruko bigamije kubigisha uburyo bwo kuyitwara neza.

Politiki nshya y’igihugu ku micungire y’imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga isaba abacuruzi b’ibikoresho bya tekinoloji kugira uruhare mu gutunganya ibyo bacuruje igihe byacitse, binyuze mu itegeko rigena ko uwazanye ibikoresho agomba kubyitaho kugeza bitagikoreshwa (Extended Producer Responsibility – EPR).

Innocent Mugabo, Umuyobozi ushinzwe ikoranabuhanga ribungabunga ibidukikije muri Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya, yavuze ko iyo buri muturage ashyize ikiganza mu gucunga imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga, aba afashije igihugu mu kurinda ibidukikije no kubaka ubukungu buzira imyanda.

Yongeyeho ko iyo gahunda izafasha no guhanga imirimo mishya, cyane cyane ku rubyiruko, binyuze mu gusanura, gukusanya no kongera gukoresha ibikoresho byashaje.

Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, Leta ikomeje gushyira imbaraga mu guteza imbere ubukungu buzenguruka (circular economy), aho ibyashaje bishobora gusubizwa ku isoko cyangwa bikavamo ibindi bikoresho bishya.

Ibi bituma imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga itaba ikibazo, ahubwo ikaba amahirwe yo guhanga akazi, guteza imbere ubukungu no kurengera ibidukikije.

Minisitiri Paula Ingabire yasoje avuga ko u Rwanda rushaka kuba icyitegererezo muri Afurika mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ritangiza ibidukikije.

Yagize ati: “Twifuza igihugu gikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo burambye, aho iterambere rigerwaho ritangiza ibidukikije. Ni urugendo tuzasangira twese.”

Gucunga neza imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga si inshingano za Leta gusa, ahubwo ni uruhare rwa buri wese. Iyo utanze telefone yawe ishaje aho igomba kujyanwa, uba ukingiye ubuzima bw’abantu, amazi n’ubutaka.

U Rwanda ruri mu nzira nziza yo kwerekana ko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishobora kugendana n’umutima wo kurengera ibidukikije, kandi ko ahazaza h’isi hadashoboka hatarinzwe ibidukikije.

Mu rwego rwo kurwanya imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga ikomeje kwiyongera uko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rigenda ryihuta, u Rwanda rwihaye intego yo kuba igihugu gifite ubukungu burambye butangiza ibidukikije, buzwi nka Green Growth.

Iyi ntego igamije kugabanya imyanda ishyirwa mu butaka, gukumira iyangiza ikirere, no guteza imbere uburyo bwo kongera gukoreshwa cyangwa gutunganya imyanda (reuse, recycle, recovery).

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2019, ubwo hasohokaga Itegeko No 17/2019 ryo ku wa 10 Kanama rigenga imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga, u Rwanda rwashyizeho uburyo bunoze bwo gukusanya, gutwara no gutunganya e-waste mu buryo butabangamira ubuzima n’ibidukikije. Iri tegeko risaba abacuruza n’abakoresha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga kubigirira ubwirinzi, kandi rigahana abajugunya ibikoresho byashaje ahatemewe.

Mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iri tegeko, hubatswe Uruganda rwa Enviroserve Rwanda Green Park mu Karere ka Bugesera, rufite ubushobozi bwo gutunganya toni zirenga ibihumbi 10 z’imyanda y’ikoranabuhanga buri mwaka.

Urwo ruganda rutunganya ibikoresho byononekaye nka mudasobwa, telefoni, televiziyo, frigo n’ibindi, rukabivanamo ibyuma bikongera gukoreshwa, ndetse rukavanamo ibindi bikoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye.

Uretse kuba ari intambwe ikomeye mu kurengera ibidukikije, iyi gahunda ifasha no guhanga imirimo mishya, cyane cyane ku rubyiruko rukora mu bikorwa byo gukusanya no gutunganya e-waste. Ni icyitegererezo cyerekana uko u Rwanda rushobora guhuza iterambere n’ubwirinzi bw’ibidukikije, mu rugendo rugana “Zero Waste Rwanda” bitarenze umwaka wa 2050, nk’uko byemejwe muri Vision 2050.