RIB, officials warn against illegal mining and child exploitation in Masoro
The Rwanda Investigation Bureau (RIB) has reminded residents of Masoro Sector in Rulindo District that, in addition to engaging in illegal mining, digging up soil in ways that cause erosion and destroy water channels will not be tolerated, and anyone caught will face strict legal consequences.
Residents say there are people known as abapari (illegal mine operators), abasirikizi (middlemen), and even gangs of children involved in unlawful mining.
Some individuals even send children as young as ten to the mines, with some losing their lives in the process.
This was discussed on August 12, 2025, during a campaign aimed at curbing illegal mining activities.
Marie Mukarunyana, a resident of the sector, expressed her concern over parents who take young children to the mines. She noted that when law enforcement arrives, it’s often the children who get caught while those who lure them there flee, leaving the minors behind.
Northern Province Governor Maurice Mugabowagahunde stressed that protecting the environment is not just the government’s responsibility ,it’s everyone’s duty.
He said: “Illegal mining damages our infrastructure and claims lives. Penalties include up to five years in prison or fines of up to 20 million Rwandan francs. It’s better to stop these activities altogether and instead apply for proper permits. If you meet the requirements, you’ll be authorized to operate.”
He added: “Last year alone, this sector lost 21 people, and this year we’ve already lost seven, most of them young people. What will you do with such a warning? When lives are lost, it’s a loss to the country and to the families. We must work together to stop those who take children into the mines. Report such cases. The goal is prevention, and those who want to mine should seek permits and work transparently.”
Jean d’Amour Gatsimbanyi, a local resident, said the youth are increasingly unruly, and when elders try to stop them, they insult them. This discourages some community members from reporting offenders for fear of creating conflicts with the abapari.
Rulindo District ranks third in Rwanda for illegal mining activities, with Masoro Sector,where the awareness campaign was held — ranking second nationwide among sectors with illegal mining operations.
Jean d’Amour Bagirijabo, head of inspection at the Rwanda Mines, Petroleum, and Gas Board (RMB), emphasized that no one is allowed to mine without prior research and authorization, even for exploration.
Claude Manirakiza, another resident, said many people fear the fines and jail terms more than they understand the importance of protecting the environment for the common good.
He said: “Some know that mining without a permit is illegal, but still do it in hiding, cutting into hillsides and damaging the environment,sometimes even losing their lives in the process.”
RIB’s head of crime prevention, Jean Claude Ntirenganya, explained the conditions under which someone can legally engage in mining, such as geological testing to confirm soil stability.
Even authorized miners must follow set guidelines, including the prohibition of child labor. He detailed the legal penalties designed to deter people from getting involved in such unlawful projects.
He stressed that even if mineral deposits are found on someone’s private land, they must apply for a permit before mining because such activities can destabilize the land. Various local authorities and RMB are available to assist in processing permits and preventing illegal operations.
He stated: “It is strictly forbidden to mine without a license. If caught, the law applies,even if the site is on your own property.”
The campaign to prevent the dangers of illegal mining has been running in several sectors of Gicumbi District, particularly those known for mineral pits or for residents who dig for sand to sell or use in construction.
Bagirijabo of RMB reiterated that mining must follow established regulations, and there are specific procedures for issuing licenses at sector or district level. Mining in unresearched areas poses significant risks, and anyone found breaking the rules will face legal consequences.
Governor Mugabowagahunde called on residents to steer clear of illegal mining and warned parents neglecting their duties by withdrawing children from school and sending them to work in mines. He reminded them that both illegal mining and employing children in hazardous labor are prohibited under Rwandan law, and offenders will face severe punishment without leniency.
