Imihindagurikire y’ibihe: Umuvuduko utajyanye n’Ubufatanye mu Bihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bw’Afurika
Mu gihe isi yose iri mu rugamba rwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwa Afurika birimo u Rwanda, u Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda n’ibindi, ntibirashyira imbaraga zihagije mu gufatanya guhangana n’iki kibazo cyihutirwa.
Mu myaka yatambutse mu Rwanda, imihindagurikire y’ikirere yagize ingaruka zifatika ku buzima bw’abaturage. Hari uturere twibasiwe n’ibiza bikomeye turimo Rubavu, Musanze, Nyabihu na Rutsiro, ahaguye imvura nyinshi yateje inkangu n’imyuzure, igahitana ubuzima bw’abantu n’amatungo, igasenya amazu n’imyaka. Ingaruka zatewe n’iyi myuzure yatumye Leta y’u Rwanda, binyuze mu kigo cy’igihugu cy’ibidukukuje REMA ndetse n’indi miryango ikorana n’abaturage, hatangijwe gahunda zihariye zo gutangiza imishinga irimo kwimura abaturage batuye ahantu habi, gutera amashyamba, gukoresha ingufu zitangiza ikirere no kubaka imidugudu irambye irengera ibidukikije.
Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu bihugu byo muri Afika y’Uburasirazuba ntizibasiye u Rwanda gusa.
U Burundi na bwo bwagezweho n’ingaruka.
Imvura nyinshi yateje imyuzure mu turere twa Gatumba, Muyinga, n’ahandi, bituma abaturage babura aho baba, ibishanga biruzura bitwara imyaka ndetse amazi yangije imihanda n’ibikorwa remezo.
Guvernoma ya Leta y’Uburundi ariko kugeza ubu, ibikorwa byo guhangana n’izi ngaruka ntibiragaragara cyane nk’iby’u Rwanda, nubwo hari intambwe nke yamaze guterwa, nk’ubukangurambaga ku gutera ibiti no kurwanya isuri.
Kubera ikii hatari ubufatanye buhamye hagati y’ibihugu?
Nubwo ibihugu byinshi byasinye amasezerano mpuzamahanga arengera ikirere, harimo n’amasezerano ya Paris, ibikorwa byo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bikigarukira ku rwego rw’igihugu ku giti cyacyo, aho buri gihugu gikora gahunda yacyo ku ruhande. Ibi bikadindiza imbaraga zakabaye zishyirwa hamwe nk’akarere, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo gusangira ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga, n’amikoro yo guhangana n’ibiza.
Urugero, nubwo u Rwanda rufite gahunda y’igihe kirekire yitwa Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy, u Burundi ntiburagira igitekerezo kigaragara cy’igihe kirekire cyafasha mu gutegura ahazaza hagendanye n’ikirere.
Imibare itangazwa n’ibigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe isanzure mu Rwanda (Rwanda Space Agency) igaragaza ko imiyaga n’imyuka iri mu kirere cy’afurika y’Uburasirazuba igenda itandukana bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’ibikorwa bibangamira ikirere bikorwa muri buri guhugu.
Umukozi w’ikigo Rwanda Space Agency ushinzwe kugenzura ibipimo byo mu kirere atangaza ko mu myuka 24 isuzumwa ibihugu nka Kenya n’u Burundi biza ku isonga mu kohereza imyuka yanduye cyane mu kirere cy’afurika y’Uburasirazuba aho agaragaza ko imibare y’ibipimo igaragaza ko irutanwa cyane.
Yagize ati: “Usanga ibihugu bidafite intego imwe. Usanga hano mu Rwanda dushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu gukumira iyangizwa ry’ikirere mu gihe usanga ibihugu nka Kenya n’u Burundi usanga bashyira imbaraga nyinshi mu guhangana n’ingaruka zo kwangirika kw’ikirere. Urumva ko ari politike zitandukanye. Ntabwo ibihugu bishyize hamwe mu zisa”.
Akomeza avuga ko ibipimo bigaragaza ko umwuka wa Azote w’ibihugu bitangukanye byo muri Afurika usanga igaragaza ibintu bitandukanye Kandi bikagendana no kwiyongeramo ibyangiza ikirere ku kigero gitandukanye, aho ubona ko bishobora no guterwa no kuba leta z’ibihugu mu buryo bumwe.
Dukeneye iki nk’Akarere k’Afurika?
Abahanga mu kubungabunga ibidukikije cyane cyane imihindagurikire y’ikirere bagaragaza ko ubufatanye ari ingenzi cyane hagati y’ibihugu,imiryango ndetse na za sosiyete z’ubuvuruzi. Niyo mpamvu hategurwa inama mpuzamahanga ziganira ku ngingo zo kubungabunga ibidukikije no guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Mu byemezo n’ingingo zifatwa hagaragazwa ko hari ibyihutirwa byakorwa mu guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’akarere harimo nko Gushyiraho ihuriro ry’ibihugu byo mu Burasirazuba bwa Afurika rigamije kurengera ikirere no gukumira ibiza, guhuza ibikorwa byo kugenzura ikirere no guhanahana amakuru y’ingenzi ndetse no guteza imbere ubufatanye mu kubungabunga ibidukikije rusange, cyane cyane amashyamba n’imigezi ihuza ibi bihugu.
Abahanga bemeza ko nta gihugu gishobora guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere cyonyine. Birasaba ubufatanye buhamye, igenamigambi rihuriweho n’imikoranire ishingiye ku bushobozi.
Mu karere k’Afurika y’Uburasirazuba hashyizwe ubushobozi bw’ikigo gishinzwe isanzure kiri mu Rwanda (Rwanda Space Agency). Ni ikigo cya Leta y’u Rwanda gishinzwe gahunda zose zijyanye n’icyogajuru n’isanzure (space activities).
Iki kigo cyashinzwe mu 2020, kigamije guteza imbere ubushakashatsi, iterambere, no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo mu isanzure mu nyungu z’igihugu.
Rwanda Space Agency ikora mu buryo butandukanye birimo:
Gukora no gutunganya gahunda z’icyogajuru (nk’itumanaho ryo mu isanzure, gufata amashusho y’Isi, kugenzura ikirere n’ubutaka). Kwigisha no guteza imbere ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga bijyanye n’isanzure mu Rwanda. Gufasha u Rwanda kugira ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibyogajuru cyangwa gukorana n’abandi mu mishinga yo mu isanzure. Kubungabunga no gucunga amakuru aturuka mu isanzure, nko gufata ibipimo by’ikirere, iby’imihindagurikire y’ibihe (climate monitoring), n’ibindi.
Guhuza ibikorwa by’isanzure n’izindi gahunda z’iterambere nk’ubuhinzi, ubutaka, n’itumanaho. Ikigo Rwanda Space Agency igirana ubufatanye n’ibigo mpuzamahanga mu kohereza utwogajuru duto (small satellites) nk’utwakoze nka RWASAT-1, twafashije mu gufata amakuru y’ubutaka n’ubuhinzi kandi ishobora guhuza imikoranire hagati ya za leta z’ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’Uburasirazuba.