Umwuzure n’iyangirika ry’ibidukikije mu Kibaya cya Mugogo
Ikibaya cya Mugogo, giherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kabaya, mu Murenge wa Busogo, mu karere ka Musanze gikunze kwibasirwa n’imyuzure ya hato na hato ariko ahanini iterwa n’amazi y’imvura agicuncumukamo avuye ku misozi iri mu mbibi za Musanze na Nyabihu.
Iki kibaya cyegereye agace ka Byangabo kandi ni ahantu hakorerwa ubuhinzi ku kigero kinini. Kinyurwamo n’imigezi itandukanye y’amazi, irimo Kinoni na Mugogo, hamwe n’indi ihurizwa hamwe n’imvura ituruka ku misozi miremire ya Nyabihu, nka Runigi, Buheno, Mugogo, na Karuriza.
Bamwe mu baturage bahoze bahatuye n’abahakorera ubuhinzi,twaganiriye nabo badusangiza uko babona inkomoko y’amazi aturuka kuri iyi misozi n’ingaruka zayo ku bidukikije n’ubuhinzi bwaho.
Benshi bavuga ko ibi bibazo bikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere, bikongerwaho gutema amashyamba, ubuhinzi butateguwe neza, ndetse n’ukwimuka kw’abantu bajya gutura ahantu habi.
Bavuze ko amashyamba menshi yari atwikiriye iyi misozi, cyane cyane muri Runigi na Mugogo, yatemwe. Ibiti bishya byateweho nyuma, ntibirakura bihagije ngo bifate ubutaka uko bikwiye.
Muri abo twaganiriye barimo Nizeyimana Emanuel, Nyirabazungu Specioze, na Mugabo Samuel, baduhaye amakuru y’ingirakamaro ku kibaya, imigezi yacyo, n’imisozi ikikije ako gace.
Mbere ya 2000, iki kibaya cyari gituwemo n’abaturage benshi, abenshi muri bo bakaba bari batuye mu nzu za gakondo zubatswe mu rufunzo azwi nka “Nyakatsi.” Izi zagiraga uruhare mu gufata amazi y’imvura, bityo ntihabeho kwiroha kwayo mu mibande ari menshi.
Nyuma ya gahunda ya Leta yo guca Nyakatsi mu 2009-2010, abantu batangiye kubaka inzu zisakajwe amabati.
Nizeyimana ati”Akarere ka Nyabihu ni kamwe mu turere twugurutsweho n’imvura nyinshi mu Rwanda, cyane cyane mu duce twa Gitwa na Ruperera. Iyi mvura yisukiranyaga ku nzu zisakajwe amabati, ikiroha ku misozi igana muri Kabaya, maze iki gice gitangira kwibasirwa n’imyuzure ikomeye. Abaturage benshi byabaye ngombwa ko bimuka.”
Specioze ati:”Ikindi kibazo gikomeye ni ugutema amashyamba menshi yagombaga gufata amazi, bikuraho urubibi rwagombaga gutuma amazi atemba buhoro. Amazi yahise atangira kwiroha ku muvuduko mwinshi, agasanga umugezi wa Kinoni ugasendera, bigatuma ibishanga bihinduka ibiyaga by’igihe gito. Iyo amazi yagabanutse, ubutaka busigara bwumagaye, bukaba butagishoboye guhingwaho.”
Kubera ko imyuzure ikomeje gukaza umurego, abahinzi bari basanzwe bakorera mu kibaya batangiye kwimukira ki mpande z’imisozi.
Ibi byatumye ubutaka bworoha, bituma isuri yiyongera, igasuka itaka mu mugezi wa Kinoni. Ibi nabyo byatumye imigezi y’aho igira amazi menshi bikabije, bigatera imyuzure ikomeye kurushaho.
Abaturage bakomeje gusaba ko hakorwa ibikorwa byihutirwa byo gukemura iki kibazo, birimo: Kubaka uburyo bwo kuyobora amazi mu buryo butekanye, hakoreshejwe ibidumburi bifasha kuyakinga.
Gukora amaterasi ku misozi kugira ngo hagabanuke isuri. Gushyiraho inzira nyayo zerekeza amazi mu migezi minini nka Mukungwa na Nyabarongo, kugira ngo ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi budakomeza kwangirika.
Umuyobozi wungirije w’Akarere ka Musanze ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubukungu Uwanyirigira clarisse yagaragaje ko hari ibiteganwa gukorwa kugira ngo harengerwe ubukungu muri rusange bikomotse ku bihingwa byera muri Mugogo ndetse n’ubusugire bw’ibidukikije.
Ati:” Kubufatanye na Rwanda Water Resources Board harimo gukorwa inyigo kugira ngo hashakwe ibisubizo birambye. Mugukora iyi nyigo Akarere ka Musanze n’aka Nyabihu twese dufatanyiriza hamwe na RWB turimo kuyikora, bityo rero mu gihe tugitegereje ko inyigo irangira ngo haboneke ibisubizo birambye, twifashishije koperative y’abahinzi bo muri Mugogo basibura imiyoboro y’amazi mu buryo buhoraho kugira ngo ikibaya kitarengerwa n’ibiza by’amazi.”
Umukozi w’Akarere ka Musanze ushinzwe ibidukikije , WISHAVURA Marie Grace yavuze ko kuba ahantu hari hasanzwe hatuwe nyuma hagahinduka igishanga biterwa n’impamvu nyinshi zitandukanye ahanini iz’ihindagurika ry’ikirere n’ibikorwa bya muntu.
Ati:”Nibibazo byinshi bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ibijyanye nuko ubuhinzi bukorwa cyangwa se n’uko ibindi bikorwa biba byakozwe i Musozi ahantu hakikije igishanga. Iyo ahantu hari hatuwe ibyo bikorwa navuze bikaba bidakozwe neza,bishobora gutuma ahantu runaka huzura.
Ikindi n’ibijyanye n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe, ugasanga imvura ishobora kugwa mu buryo budasanzwe, bwa buryo bwari busanzwe bukoreshwa n’abantu bahatuye mu kurinda ubutaka no gukoresha igishanga bikaba bwahinduka ari nabyo byagaragaye mu kibaye cya Mugogo.
Yakomeje ati:” Muri iki gihe turi kugenda tugira ubwiyongere bw’abaturage Kandi nibyiza kuko byongerera igihugu imbaraga, ari nako ibikorwa byabo bigenda byiyongera,akaba ariyo mpamvu ku bushishozi bw’ubuyobozi abari bahatuye bahimuwe hakagenerwa ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi ndetse hanashyirwaho ingamba zitandukanye haba izo kubungabunga imisozi ihakikije n’igishanga kugira ngo gikomeze gukoreshwe kugirira umumaro babaturage bari basanzwe bahatuye hanacibwa imirwanyasuri ku misozi ikikije Mugogo.
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko hari umushinga wa Volcano Community Resilience Project (VCRP) ujyanye no kubungabunga amazi akomoka mu birunga no mu misozi miremire uzafata kuri Musanze,Nyabihu n’utundi turere dukora ku birunga, ugiye gukora ubushakashatsi muri iki gishanga kugira ngo harebwe inkomoko y’ibitera imyuzure ihagaragara niba yaba yarakomotse ku miturire,ubuhinzi cyangwa kwangirika kw’amashyamba muri rusange, kugira ngo hashakirwe igisubizo kirambye.
Uyu mushinga uzashyirwa mu bikorwa na Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije n’ibindi bigo biyishamikiyeho birimo REMA,Rwanda Water Resources Board na Meteo Rwanda, hagamijwe gusubiza ibibazo by’ayo mazi yangiriza ibidukikije ndetse n’ubuhinzi aturutse ku misozi n’ibirunga.
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko kuba abaturage bavuga ko imyubakire iri mu byateje ikibazo bishoboka ariko yemeza ko ataricyo kiri mbere cyane.
Ati:”Birashoboka ariko sicyo kinini ari nayo mpamvu bigishwa uburyo bw’imihingire,kudashegesha ubutaka,guhinga bategera cyane umusozi kuko ubutaka bwahariya buroroshye,iyo bigenze gutyo bwa butaka buramanuka bugafunga inzira z’amazi n’ibibare yirohamo, bigateza ingaruka.
Ariko yaba ari ukudafata amazi ava ku nzu, ubuhinzi budakozwe neza,gutura mu akajagari no kitarwanya isuri n’ibikorwa bishobora kuba nyirabayazana. Sinavuga cyane ko ari ukudafata amazi kubitera,ahubwo bishingiye ku bintu byinshi haba imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’ibyo twagaragaje byaba urukomatane rwabyo.
Ku bijyanye n’umigezi wa Kinoni wirohamo amazi ukuzura ukaba imbarutso y’ikibazo, Marie Grace yavuze ko ubushakashatsi buzakorwa aribwo buzatanga igisubizo cy’icyakorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hakorwa icyo abaturage bifuza cyo kuwuhuza n’indi migezi cyangwa hafatwe izindi ngamba kuko nabyo bishobora gukorwa nabi bigateza izindi ngaruka.
Nk’uko hari gahunda y’igihugu mu cyerekezo cya 2050,yo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere,Marie Grace avuga ko muri aka karere hari ibikorwa ngarukamwaka bitandukanye bamaze gukora nko guca amaterasi yikora, amaterasi y’indinganire, gutera ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka n’ibyatsi no kubungabunga imigezi.
Akarere ka Musanze muri uyu mwaka gafite gahunda yo gukora km19 zo kubungabunga imigezi n’imyuzi mu mirenge zirigukorerwamo VUP,Hectari zirenga 200 zo gucamo amaterasi yikora.
Mu mwaka ushize wa 2024, hatewe amashyamba muri gahunda yo kuvugurura amashyamba ku buso bwa Hectari 20,hakozwe amaterasi yikora ku buso bwa Hectari 380,Ibiti byatewe ndumburabutaka uyu mwaka ni 675772 , iby’imbuto ni 14566.
Abaturage bavuga ko kubera ko imyuzure igenda ikaza ubukana, hari ubwoba ko nibidakemurwa vuba, bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku Mujyi wa Byangabo, umwe mu mijyi mito ifasha Umujyi wa Musanze gukura.
Umuhanga mu bidukikije akaba n’umuyobozi mu nzego za leta. Ubu akaba akora nka Diregiteri mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (Rwanda Environment Management Authority – REMA) Juliet Kabera aganira na Greenafrica.rw, yagaragaje ihindagurika ry’ibihe nk’imbarutso yabyo ahantu hatandukanye hahindutse igishanga hari hasanzwe hatuwe cyangwa hakorerwa ibindi bikorwa birimo n’bijyanye n’ubuhinzi.
Ati:Uko imiterere y’igihugu cyacu imeze, ni imisozi myinshi, ibibaya ndetse n’ibishanga, ikiriho usanga aritwe tujya ahagenewe kwakira amazi ,tukahuzuza itaka cyangwa tukahaca imiyoboro y’amazi n’imigende tukahumutsa tukabasha kuhatura cyangwa kuhakorera ibindi bikorwa navuga nk’ubuhinzi, ariko ubungubu kubera ibihe bwahindutse, imvura isigaye igwa ari nyinshi cyane, ubwinshi bwayo bukangana hafi n’iguye ibyumweru bibiri (High intensity) ariko n’ikindi n’abantu hubatswe habaye henshi, Uko tugenda twiyongera kandi ari nako dutera imbere twubaka inzu hirya no hino,ahenshi amazi yamanukaga akajya mu butaka ntabwo hagihari bivuze ko uko yakaguye agomba kumanuka afite aho aruhukira.”
Yakomeje ati:”Aho aruhukira ni mu bishanga no mu bibaya, ubwo rero iyo asanze abantu bari barahatuye, aho imvura yamanukaga ikajya mu butaka ntabwo ntabwo hagihari ahubwo iramanuka yose ikajya aho batuye hatakagombye kuba hatuwe, Wenda hakagombye kuba hahingwa cyangwa ibindi bikorwa ariko hatari inyubako.”
Uyu muyobozi yavuze ko uburyo bushobora gukangurirwa abaturage bwo kubaka inzu zifite imireko n’ibigega bifata amazi no gucukura ibyobo bitabyemo amabuye mu rwego rwo kugabanya amazi amanuka, bushoboka ariko ko butatanga igisubizo kirambye.”
Ati:”Ubwo buryo burahari, ikibazo niyo waba ufite ibigega bibiri ku nzu yawe, mu gihe cy’imvura izagwa mu byumweru bibiri bizaba byuzuyee, birakwiye ko ayo yarenze ku bigega byawe aba yarateganyirijwe aho azajya arizo za damu (dams) navugaga, ikigo cy’umuyingo kamere w’amazi kirimo gutegura ahantu hatandukanye, kuburyo hakubakwa damu nini yakwakira Meterokibe nyinshi , ku buryo n’igihe izuba ribaye ryinshi twazajya tuyakoresha mu kugira (irrigation)tukahororrera amafi n’ibindi bitandukanye.”
“Ku mpande zombi hakwiye gukumirwa imyuzure ,ahakwiye kubakwa hakubakwa, ahakwiye guterwa ishyamba rigaterwa,ahakwiye kuba igishanga bikaba Uko, noneho ya mazi yatembaga mu muhanda no mu mirima y’umuvu abe agabanutse:”
Mu rwego rwo gukomeza guteza imbere iterambere rirambye, u Rwanda rwashyizeho ingamba zitandukanye zo kurengera ibidukikije no gukumira ibiza. Binyuze muri politiki n’amategeko agenga ibidukikije, gahunda zo gutera amashyamba, kwimura abatuye ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa n’ibiza no gukoresha ingufu zisubira, igihugu gikomeje guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ibigo nk’Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA) na Minisiteri ishinzwe Ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi (MINEMA) bikorana mu gukumira no guhangana n’ibiza, hanashyirwa imbaraga mu bukangurambaga bwo kwigisha abaturage. Gahunda nka “Green Growth and Climate Resilience Strategy” igamije gukomeza guteza imbere ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije, mu gihe gahunda yo gukoresha imodoka z’amashanyarazi igamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
