Uko ikoranabuhanga n’ubushakashatsi bikomeje kuba isoko yo kwiyongera kw’inzovu muri pariki y’Akagera
Pariki y’Igihugu ya Akagera ni imwe mu byanya by’ingenzi by’ubukerarugendo n’ibidukikije mu Rwanda. Izwi cyane kubera ubwiza bw’imisozi, ibiyaga n’ibishanga, ndetse n’inyamaswa zitandukanye ziyibarizwamo zirimo inzovu, zimwe mu nyamaswa zikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi.
Inzovu ziboneka muri Pariki y’Akagera ni izo mu bwoko bwa African Bush Elephant (African Savanna Elephant), ari zo nini kandi ziremereye kurusha izindi nyamaswa zose zo ku butaka. Inzovu imaze gukura ishobora gupima hagati ya kilo 3.500 na 6.500 kuzamura.
Tuyipfukamire Emelance, uri mu itsinda rishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa by’umwihariko inzovu muri Pariki y’Akagera (Research Support), agaragaza ko inzovu zifite umwihariko ukomeye muri pariki kandi zikaba ziri mu nyamaswa eshanu nini zikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi.
Ati:“Inzovu zifite umwihariko wo kuba ari imwe mu nyamaswa nini eshanu (Big Five) zifatwa nk’ikirango cya pariki, kandi zigira uruhare rukomeye mu kubaka ishyamba (forest engineering), bitewe n’uburyo ishobora gufata igiti ikakirindura bigafasha inyamaswa ngufi nk’impala, imparage n’izindi ndya byatsi guhita zibona ibyatsi zirya.”
Akomeza asobanura ko nubwo inzovu zishobora kugaragara nk’izangiza ibiti, mu by’ukuri zigira uruhare runini mu kongera amoko y’ibiti.
Ati:“Iyo ziranduye ibi biti, imbuto zabyo zinyanyagira hirya no hino zikamera bundi bushya, bityo ishyamba rikagira ubwoko bw’ibiti butandukanye n’ubwo iba yabanje gusa n’iyangiza ibirandura.”
Inzovu kandi zizwiho ubwenge bukomeye n’ubushobozi bwo kwibuka igihe kirekire.
Emelance ati:“Inzovu zigira uburyo bukomeye bw’ubwenge no kwibuka, ku buryo zishobora kwibuka ahantu hari iriba cyangwa ikiyaga mu myaka myinshi ishize irinyoyeho amazi, ikamenya ko ari ho igomba gusubira n’iyo yaba igiye ibirometero runaka.”
Ku bijyanye n’imyororokere, inzovu zororoka gake bitewe n’uko zitegereza igihe kirekire cyo gukura.
Emelance yakomeje ati:“Inzovu ivuka nyuma y’amezi 22 bayitwise, kandi iyo ikuze ishobora gutangira gukora imibonano ifite imyaka hafi 10 ku ngore, mu gihe ku ngabo ari hagati y’imyaka 13–15. Inzovu y’ingabo iyo imaze kugera ku kigero cyo kubangurira iva mu muryango ikajya kubana n’izindi ngabo cyangwa ikigendera yonyine, kuko mu mibereho yazo ingore ari zo ziguma mu muryango.”
Kugeza ubu muri Pariki y’Igihugu ya Akagera habarurwa inzovu zirenga 142, aho 92 muri zo zizwi ku giti cyazo.
Emelance ati:“Dufite uburyo bwihariye bwo kuziranga (database). Dukoresha amafoto tukavuga ngo inzovu runaka ifite ibimenyetso ku matwi (ear notches), ifite imigobora (tusks) imeze mu buryo runaka, yaba ingabo cyangwa ingore. Ibyo bimenyetso byose turabihuza bikadufasha kumenya inzovu ku giti cyayo. Muri databasi dufite inzovu 92 zizwi, harimo ingore 53 n’ingabo 39.”
Avuga ko gukomeza gukusanya amakuru ku nzovu ari umushinga ukomeje, ku buryo igihe kizagera inzovu zose zo muri pariki zizaba zanditse muri databasi.
Ku bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, Emelance agaragaza ko rimaze kuba igisubizo kirambye mu gukurikirana inzovu.
Ati:“Hano muri pariki dufite umushinga wo kwambika inyamaswa utwuma (collars) tudufasha kumenya aho ziri, by’umwihariko inyamaswa nini. Iyo yambaye collar yohereza amakuru y’aho iri bitewe n’ibyashyizwe muri sisiteme, ku buryo nka buri saha ishobora kohereza amakuru y’icyerekezo irimo ajya mu cyumba cy’ubugenzuzi (control room).”
Akomeza agira ati:“Iyo tujya aho yaduhereye amakuru kuri terre (field) si ngombwa ko iba ikiri ho, ahubwo tuba twagereranyije tukamenya aho yerekeje. Dusuzuma amase yayo, aho yakandagiye, twazigeraho tukahafatira amafoto, bigadufasha kuyimenya dukoresheje ibimenyetso byo ku matwi, imigobora n’ibindi dufite muri databasi, ndetse tukongeramo n’inzovu nshya tukavugurura amakuru (updates).”
Mu kubaka ishyamba, amase y’inzovu afatwa nk’uruganda rucura amoko atandukanye y’ibiti.
Emelance yasobanuye ati:“Inzovu zirya ibyatsi, amashami y’ibiti n’imbuto zitandukanye. Iyo ziriye imbuto zikazinyuza mu mase yazo, zishobora kumera zivangavanze (seed dispersal), hakabonekamo n’amoko mashya y’ibiti bitewe n’icyo zariye, bityo ishyamba rigakomeza kwaguka.”
Izi nzovu zigira uruhare rukomeye mu mibereho y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no mu guteza imbere ubukerarugendo. Nubwo ubuhigi bwigeze gutuma zigabanyuka cyane, inzovu 26 zakuwe i Bugesera mu 1975 zasubijwe muri pariki y’Akagera zituma uyu mubare wongera kwiyongera.
Kugeza ubu, inzovu z”Akagera zikomeje kuba ikimenyetso cy’uko ikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi n’ubuyobozi bwiza bishobora gufasha kubungabunga inyamaswa nini no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye, mu gihe amagambo y’abashakashatsi nka Emelance akomeza kuba ishingiro ry’aya makuru.
