Uko ibinyabiziga byangiza ikirere n’ingamba leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho

Ibinyabiziga ni bimwe mu bitera umwanda mu kirere cyane cyane mu mijyi ifite umuvuduko w’imodoka nyinshi, bigatuma habaho ingaruka ku buzima n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe.Mu Rwanda, inzego zitandukanye za Leta zikomeje gufata ingamba zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya isohoka mu binyabiziga hagamijwe kurengera ubuzima n’ibidukikije.

Ikigo cy’Ibihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (REMA)cyakoze ubushakashatsi ku bintu bikoresha ingufu zangiza ikirere birimo ibinyabiziga,inganda n’ibindi bitandukanye.

Iki kigo cyagaragaje ko muri 2018, ibinyabiziga byari byihariye 57% mu gusohora ibyuka byangiza ikirere.

Umuyobozi w’ikigo kigo ushinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’umwuka P Celestin Hakizimana avuga ko moto ziri mu binyabiziga byoherereza unwuka mwinshi wangiza umwuka wo mu kirere.

Ati:”Aha habonekamo igice cy’ingenzi cy’amapikipiki yazamutse ubu akaba ariyo afata umwanya wa mbere mu binyabiziga bihumanya, imibare ihari mu binyabiziga biri mu muhanda, amapikipiki agera ku bihunbi 200, turebe mu binyabiziga byose ubungubu byanditse mu Rwanda byigenga,dufite ibinyabiziga ibihumbi 380 harimo amapikipiki ibihumbi 200.”

“Ni ukuvuga ngo muri ya myotsi ihumanya ikirere iturutse mu binyabiziga, amapikipiki aza ku mwanya wa mbere agafata hafi 48%.”

Imodoka na moto bikoresha lisansi cyangwa mazutu bisohora imyuka irimo carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), hydrocarbons (HC) n’utuntu duto tw’umukungugu tuzwi nka PM₂.₅. Iyi myuka yangiza ubuzima bw’abantu, ikaba intandaro y’indwara z’ubuhumekero n’iz’umutima.

Ikindi, ibinyabiziga bisohora carbon dioxide (CO₂) ari nayo ifatwa nk’imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye z’ihindagurika ry’ibihe ku isi. Iyo imyuka yiyongereye, ikirere kiba gishyuha kurusha uko bisanzwe bigira ingaruka ku buzima n’ubuhinzi.

Eng Aime Ndikumana umwe mu bakanika ibinyabiziga yagaragaje uruhare rwa bimwe mu binyabiziga mu kwangiza ikirere.

Ati:” ibinyabiziga byinshi byangiza ikirere ariko amapikipiki agira uruhare rwinshi cyane kuko yo arahumanya cyane kurusha imodoka, kuko burya mu miterere ya moto yo ntabwo igira sisiteme zishinzwe kugabanya uburozi bushobora guturuka muri moteri, moto uko ikoze,ni uruhombo ruturuka kuri moteri twita Shampoma cyangwa Exoste, akiyatsa gusa umwuka uhita utangira gusohoka hanze.”

Gusa nanone ku rundi ruhande hagaragazwa ko mu gukumira iyi myotsi harimo gusuzuma ibinyabiziga uko bikwiye nk’uko leta ibishishikariza ababifite.

“Bitewe n’uko nyiri modoka yayikoreye maintenance nabi ari naho gahunda yo gupima imyotsi izongera ikibutsa abafite ibinyabiziga ku kijyanye na maintenance yabyo,kuko umuntu umwe ashobora gutunga imodoka ntakurikize amabwiriza ya maintenance mu buryo bwo kurengera amafaranga ye, bikagaruka aribyo biteza ikibazo.”

Ubushakashatsi buherutse kugaragaza ko umwuka wo mu Rwanda cyane cyane i Kigali urimo PM₂.₅ inshuro eshanu hejuru y’ingero zemewe na WHO, bigaragaza ko ibinyabiziga bifite uruhare runini mu guhumanya ikirere. Nanone, ikigereranyo cya 80% by’imodoka zigenzuwe cyasanze zisohora imyuka ihumanya hejuru y’ingano yemewe.

Mu gihe imibare ikomeje kugaragaza ko ibinyabiziga bifite uruhare runini mu guhumanya ikirere,leta y’u Rwanda iherutse kugaragaza ko yatangiye gupima ibinyabiziga bifite imyuka ihumanya ikirere birimo moto n’imodoka mu buryo bwo gukomeza kurengera ubuzima bw’abaturage.

Hari amashami atandukanye yashyizweho yo gupimiraho nka Remera ku bari muri Kigali, ishami rya Rwamagana ku bari mu bice by’iburasirazuba, ishami rya Musanze ku bari mu Majyaruguru n’abari mu Burengerazuba bw’Amajyaruguru ndetse n’ishsni rya Huye ku bari mu bice by’Amajyeofo n’Uburengerazuba bw’Amajyepfo,bivuze ngo buri wese ufite gahunda yo kujya gupimisha ikinyabiziga cye,mu Irembo asangamo serivise ebyiri, hari isanzwe itangwa na polisi y’igihugu yo gupima ibijyanye na Tekinike y’ikinyabiziga n’iyi serivise nshya yo gupima mu buryo bwisumbuye imyotsi isohorwa n’ibinyabiziga.

Kuri kontorore tekinike ya Musanze bamaze gutangira iki gikorwa cyo gupima umwotsi w’ibinyabiziga.

P Celestin Hakizimana ati:”REMA yatangije igikorwa cyo gupima mu buryo bwisumbuyeho imyotsi iva mu binyabiziga kugira ngo tugabanye ikibazo cy’ubuhumane bw’umwuka duhumeka,nk’uko ubushakashatsi dukora bugaragaza ko ibinyabiziga aribyo bigira uruhare runini mu guhumanya umwuka.”

Gahunda ya e-mobility: Intego ni uko nibura 20% by’ibinyabiziga bizaba ari ibikoresha amashanyarazi mbere ya 2030. Leta yashyizeho imisoro mike ku binjiza imodoka z’amashanyarazi cyangwa izivangwa n’amashanyarazi (hybrids).

Hemejwe gahunda yo gukaza igenzura ry’imyuka isohoka mu binyabiziga. Imodoka zisohora imyuka irengeje urugero zishyirwaho ibihano, abarenze ku mategeko bakishyura amande agera kuri miliyoni 5 Frw.

Nubwo hari intambwe imaze guterwa, hari abakigaragaza imbogamizi zirimo ikiguzi cyo hejuru cy’imodoka z’amashanyarazi, kubura ahantu henshi ho kuzishyiriraho amashanyarazi (charging stations), n’ubumenyi bucye bw’abaturage ku ngaruka z’imyuka y’imodoka.

Cyakkze ku rundi ruhande REMA igaragaza ko gahunda leta yashyizeho nizishyirwa mu bikorwa neza, biteganyijwe ko mu myaka iri imbere u Rwanda ruzagabanya ku rugero rugaragara imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka mu binyabiziga, bigafasha kubungabunga ubuzima bw’abaturage no kurengera ibidukikije.