Ubworozi bw’Amafi mu baturage bwabaye Inzira irambye yo kubungabunga pariki y’Akagera
Mu myaka mike ishize, Pariki y’Igihugu ya Akagera yari ihanganye n’ikibazo gikomeye cy’ibikorwa byangizaga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Imitego, guhiga no kwinjira mu buryo butemewe byari byarabaye inzira y’imibereho ku baturage bamwe na bamwe bayituriye, cyane cyane mu bihe by’ubukene. Icyo gihe ikibazo cyari gifite impande ebyiri: ubukene ku baturage n’umutekano mucye wa pariki.
Isesengura ry’imibare yo hagati ya 2021 na 2025 rigaragaza uburyo ikibazo cyazamutse mbere yo kugabanuka. Muri 2021 habonetse imitego 25, muri 2022 igera kuri 48 (izamuka rya 92%), mu 2023 igera kuri 114 (izamuka rya 137.5%), aho uwo mwaka uba impinga y’ikibazo gikomeye.
Guhera mu 2024 hatangiye kugaragara impinduka: imitego yagabanutse igera kuri 78, maze mu 2025 iramanuka igera kuri 38, bigaragaza igabanuka rya 51.3% mu mwaka umwe. Ugereranyije 2023 na 2025, habaye igabanuka rya 66.7%. Ibi bigaragaza ko uko imibereho y’abaturage yazamutse, ni ko ibikorwa byo kwangiza pariki byagabanutse.
Umushinga w’ubworozi bw’amafi washyizwe mu bikorwa ku bufatanye bwa Pariki y’Akagera n’abaturage bayituriye ni kimwe mu bisubizo byagaragaje impinduka zifatika. Intego yari ukongera umusaruro w’ibiribwa ku baturage no gutanga amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere batagombye guhiga cyangwa gutega imitego mu pariki.
Mfitumukiza Innocent, uyoboye koperative COPECO Gishanda, asobanura ko uyu mushinga wahinduye imibereho y’abanyamuryango ku buryo burambye:
Ati:“Mbere twaburaga ibyo kurya bihagije, kandi bamwe batekerezaga kujya muri pariki gushaka uko babaho. Abana bacu bari bafite imirire mibi, ubushobozi bwo kwishyura n’ubwishingizi mu kwivuza (Mituweli de Sante) cyangwa amashuri bwari buke.
Ubu, kubera ubworozi bw’amafi, abana barya indyo yuzuye, imiryango irashobora kwishyura ubwisungane mu kwivuza, amashuri n’ibindi bikenerwa by’ibanze. Ntibikiri iby’ubukene gusa, ubu abaturage barabona uburyo burambye bwo kwiteza imbere batagombye guhiga inyamaswa cyangwa gutega imitego. Pariki rero yabaye umufatanyabikorwa w’ingenzi mu mibereho yacu.”
Yakomeje agaragaza ko koperative yashyizeho uburyo bwo gufasha abatishoboye kubona amafi ku giciro gito cyangwa ku buntu, bigafasha kwirinda ibikorwa bitemewe kandi bikangiza pariki:
Ati:“Umuturage ucyennye ahabwa amafi ku buntu, mu gihe abandi bayabona ku giciro gito hagati ya 1500–2000 Frw. Ibi bituma abaturage bihaza mu mirire, bakabona amafaranga yo kwifashisha, bakanigira mu kurinda pariki no kumenya akamaro kayo.”
NIYIREBA Prisca, umwe mu bagore borora amafi abifashijwemo na Pariki y’Akagera, asobanura impinduka z’uyu mushinga ku miryango yabo:
Ati:“Ubworozi bw’amafi bwaduhaye igisubizo ku bibazo byinshi: kwirinda igwingira ry’abana, kongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amafaranga, no kugira imibereho myiza. Ntitugurisha amafi yose kuko natwe turayarya kandi tugakoresha amafaranga make tubona mu mibereho ya buri munsi. Ibi byadufashije kutagendera ku nyama zo mu ishyamba, cyane cyane izikomoka ku nyamaswa zo muri pariki. Ubu dufata pariki nk’umutungo wacu kandi nk’isoko y’iterambere ryacu. Kandi twiyumvamo uruhare rwo kuyirinda aho kuyibangamira.”
Mu 2025, amakoperative akorera mu biyaga bya pariki yasaruye ibiro 246,484 by’amafi, muri byo ibiro 17,199 byagurishijwe abaturage ku giciro gito, byinjiza arenga miliyoni 37 Frw. Abororera hanze ya pariki basaruye ibiro 34,205, binjiza asaga miliyoni 68 Frw. Amafaranga yose hamwe arenga miliyoni 105 Frw, mu gihe umusaruro wose urenga ibiro 280,000.
Karinganire Jean Paul, ushinzwe abafatanyabikorwa n’inkunga zinjira muri Pariki y’Igihugu ya Akagera, asobanura uburyo pariki yitwaye mu gutanga umusaruro n’amahugurwa:
Ati:“Mu makoperative icyenda afite amadamu icumi, hatanzwe amahirwe y’amafi angana n’umwayi w’amafi ibiro 201,200 (fish fingerlings). Intego si ugutanga amafi gusa, ahubwo ni ukongera inyungu abaturage babona, kugira ngo babungabunge pariki babizi ko ari umutungo wabo.”
Ati:”Iyo abaturage babona inyungu mu mibereho yabo, bahinduka abafatanyabikorwa, bakarinda pariki aho kuyibangamira. Ubu hari ubusabane n’ubufatanye hagati ya pariki n’abaturage bituma imibereho yabo irushaho gutera imbere kandi ibikorwa byangiza pariki bigabanuka.”
Yakomeje asobanura uko ubu bufatanye bwongereye inyungu zituruka muri revenue sharing:
Ati:“Iyo abaturage babona ko amafaranga aturuka muri pariki agaruka mu mibereho yabo, barushaho kuyigirira ishyaka. Ubworozi bw’amafi bwabaye inyongera kuri revenue sharing, bigatuma iterambere ryiyongera kandi rigarukira abaturage.”
Abaturage batishoboye bahawe amahirwe yo kubona amafi ku giciro gito cyangwa ku buntu, bigafasha cyane mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi no kwirinda ibikorwa byangiza pariki.
Nyirakamana Venancia avuga:“Iyo dufite amafi ku giciro gito cyangwa ku buntu, ntitugira impungenge zo kwishora mu bikorwa bitemewe byo mu pariki. Abana bacu bararya neza, kandi amafaranga dukoresha ku ifi atuma dushobora gukora n’ibindi biduha inyungu. Ubu turabifata nk’umutungo wacu kandi dutekereza uburyo bwo kuwurinda.”
Banyurwiki Bernard yongeyeho:“Amafi aturuka mu biyaga bya pariki yacu y’Akagera aboneka ku giciro gito kandi rimwe na rimwe ku buntu. Bituma tudashaka kujya mu bikorwa byo guhiga cyangwa gutega imitego, ahubwo tuba abafatanyabikorwa ba pariki. Tubona inyungu y’ako kanya kandi tunarinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.”
Ubuyobozi bwa Pariki y’Akagera bushimangira ko kubungabunga bidashoboka hatabayeho inyungu zigarukira abaturage, nk’uko Nelly Nshimirimana, ushinzwe Iterambere ry’Abaturage muri pariki abivuga:
Ati:“Twabonye ko kubungabunga pariki bidashoboka hatabayeho uruhare rw’abaturage. Iyo babonye inyungu ibakomokaho, bahinduka abafatanyabikorwa aho kuyibonamo umwanzi. Ubu uburyo bwo gutanga amafi ku giciro gito cyangwa ku buntu ntibubafasha gusa kwirinda imirire mibi, ahubwo bubafasha no gukurikirana ibikorwa byo kurinda pariki, kumenya akamaro kayo no gukorana na pariki mu buryo burambye.”
Umuyobozi wa karere ka Kayonza, Hategekimana Fred agaruka ku nyungu z’ubu bworozi bw’amafi mu baturage yagize ati:“Ubworozi bw’amafi bwahaye abaturage ubushobozi bwo kwishyurira Mituweli, amashuri n’ibindi bikenerwa by’ibanze. Ibi byatumye abaturage bahinduka ijisho rya pariki aho kubangamira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Byongera ubushake bwo gukurikirana ibikorwa bya pariki kandi bikanazamura inyungu zituruka muri revenue sharing.”
Ibi Kandi byashimangiwe na NGOGA Tresphore impuguke mu isesengura rya politiki yo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu ‘kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Iterambere (Rwanda Development Board RDB) , yavuze ko igirira akamaro abaturiye pariki kuko batongera gukora ibikorwa by’ubuhigi bibatera ipfunywe ahubwo bagatangira gukora indi mishinga myiza Kandi ibaha inyungu.
Ati:”Ubundi ku baturage bajya muri pariki guhiga barimo mu buryo butandukanye burimo kujya guhiga bagamije gushaka inyama,hari ababikora kubera umuco wabo wo guhiga,abajya guhiga bagamije kugurisha inyama ngo babone amafaranga kuko biragoye ko umuntu ajya guhiga ashaka izo ararya bigatuma yica imbogo,inzovu cyangwa imvubu. Aba bose iyo bagazweho n’iyi mishinga impamvu nyinshi zatumaga bahiga zirakemuka kuko navuga nk’aba borora amafi, babonye ayo kurya ntibongera kwifuza inyama, ndetse abajyaga guhiga bagamije kugurisha, nabo ubu nagurisha amafi bakabona amafaranga abafasha kwiteza imbere no kwagura ibikorwa byabo, bigatuma baba maso kuwakwinjira muri pariki mu buryo butemewe nka bamwe bafite umuco wo guhiga kuko bazi ko patiki bayiboneraho inyungu nyinshi ”
Yakomeje ati:” Nta muntu ujya guhiga yemye kuko aba yikanga guhura n’abarinzi ba pariki no kuba yahurirano n’ibindi bibazo byo kuba yakomeretswa n’inyamaswa, nibyiza ko bakorana na Pariki mu bikorwa nk’ibi biyibungabunga Kandi nabo bibateza imbere kuko umusaruro uvamo wagize uruhare mu kububakira ibikorwa remezo nk’amashuri yatunye abana babo biga Hafiz ndetse n’abari baravuyemo kubera kujya kwiga kure barisubiramo, bubakiwe amakusanyirizo y’amata,bahabwa ubworozi bukibafasha kwikemurira ibibazo bitandukanye.”
Yagaragaje ko kuba abaturage bagira uruhare rwo kubungabunga pariki, bigira uruhare mu kongera umusaruro uyikomokaho nabo bikabaha imirimo.
Ati:”Iyo abaturage babungabunze pariki aho kuyibongamira,bituma yivugurira neza ndetse n’urusibe rw’ibinyabuzima rukiyongera, bigakurura ba mukerarugendo ndetse umusaruro wa pariki rukiyongera ari nawo uvamo ya mafatanga abafasha mu mishinga yabo, revenue sharing, Kandi bakanahabwa imirimo itandukanye muri pariki kuko ifite abayigana bayiha inyungu. Turasaba buri wese ko yakomeza kuba ijisho rya pariki agafatanya n’abandi kuyibungabunga kugira ngo bya byiza sosiyete irikugenda igeraho bitazasubira inyuma.”
Gahunda y’Igihugu yo Kubungabunga Pariki n’Amashyamba
Ku rwego rw’igihugu, gahunda yo kubungabunga pariki n’amashyamba irashingira ku mahame ya Rwanda Development Board (RDB), igamije guteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye, kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no kongera imibereho y’abaturage. Intego ni uko byibura 30% by’ubutaka bw’igihugu buzaba ari amashyamba, hubahirizwe gahunda yo kongera ubushobozi bwo kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima no kurengera pariki.
Hari kandi gahunda yo kongera umusaruro w’ubukerarugendo ku kigero kirenga 5% buri mwaka, hamwe no kongera inyungu abaturage babona (revenue sharing) ku bikorwa by’iterambere birimo amashuri, amavuriro n’ibikorwa remezo. Ibi bigamije guhuza iterambere ry’imibereho y’abaturage n’inyungu z’isi y’ibidukikije, kandi bigaragaza ko kurengera pariki atari ukubuza abaturage kwiteza imbere, ahubwo ari ugufasha abaturage kugira uruhare n’inyungu zifatika.
Mu mwaka wa 2025, pariki yakiriye abasura 59,538, yinjiza arenga miliyari 7.2 Frw, bingana n’izamuka rya 5.4% ugereranyije na 2024.. Isesengura rusange rigaragaza ishusho isobanutse: hagati ya 2021 na 2023 ikibazocy’imitego cyari gikomeye; hagati ya 2023 na 2025 habaye igabanuka rikomeye rya 66.7%; hagati ya 2024 na 2025 honyine habaye igabanuka rya 51.3%.
Pariki y’Igihugu y’Akagera iherereye mu Burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda, ku mupaka na Tanzania, ikaba igizwe n’ibice by’uturere twa Kayonza na Nyagatare. Ifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 1,122, bukaba buyigira imwe mu pariki nini mu Rwanda. Mu mateka yayo, hagati ya 1997 na 2010, igice kinini cyari cyaragabanyijwe kubera ibikorwa by’abantu n’ikorwa ry’ubuhinzi, ku buryo yigeze gusigarana hafi kilometero kare 900 gusa. Nyuma y’ingamba zo kuyisubizaho no kuyagura, harimo kongera kubaka uruzitiro ruyikikije no kwimura ibikorwa byangiza, ubuso bwayo bwagaruwe buva kuri izo kilometero kare 900 busubira kuri 1,122 km², igikorwa cyamaze imyaka igera ku 3–5 mu cyiciro cya mbere cyo kuyisana no kuyongera imbaraga.
Kuva mu 2010, Pariki y’Akagera igenzurwa ku bufatanye bwa Leta y’u Rwanda binyuze mu Rwanda Development Board (RDB) n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije witwa African Parks, binyuze mu masezerano y’imiyoborere agamije kuyicunga mu buryo bw’umwuga, kuyirinda no guteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye. Iyi mikoranire ni yo yatumye pariki isubirana umutekano, inyamaswa zikiyongera, ndetse n’ibikorwa byangiza bigabanuka ku rugero rugaragara.
