The international Day for Biodiversity(IDB): Igihe cyo guhindura imyumvire ku bwuzuzanye bw’ibinyabuzima butagomba gucika
Buri mwaka, tariki ya 22 Gicurasi, isi yose yizihiza Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Ubwuzuzanye bw’ibinyabuzima (International Day for Biodiversity), hagamijwe gukangurira abantu bose ku isi kumenya agaciro k’ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima butandukanye butuye ku isi.
Uyu munsi washyizweho mu rwego rwo kwibuka itariki yatangajweho Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga ku Bwuzuzanye bw’ibinyabuzima (Convention on Biological Diversity, CBD), yasinywe ku itariki ya 22 Gicurasi 1992, i Rio de Janeiro muri Brezil.
Ubwuzuzanye bw’ibinyabuzima ni uburyo ubuzima bushamikiyeho ku isi yose. Bureba ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima, intera bitandukaniyemo, ndetse n’ahantu bituye.
Ibinyabuzima biduha ibyo turya, ibyo tunywa, umwuka duhumeka, imiti, imyambaro ndetse n’uburyo bwo kwihaza mu biribwa. Iyo tugize icyo dusenya muri ubu buzima rusange, natwe ubwacu tuba turimo kwangiza ahazaza hacu.
Mu Rwanda, igihugu cy’imisozi igihumbi gifite agaciro gakomeye mu byerekeye ubwuzuzanye bw’ibinyabuzima. Uhereye ku mashyamba y’imvura ya Nyungwe, imisozi y’ikirunga irimo ingagi zo mu misozi, uturere twa savane nka Pariki y’Akagera, kugeza ku biyaga n’imigezi, byose ni inkingi z’ubuzima ndetse n’ubukungu.
Kuba u Rwanda rwarashyize imbere gahunda yo kubungabunga ibidukikije byagize uruhare rukomeye mu kurinda izo nyabutatu z’ubuzima.
Nyamara, isi yugarijwe n’ihungabana rikomeye ry’ubwuzuzanye bw’ibinyabuzima. Raporo ya IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) ivuga ko hafi miliyoni imwe y’amoko y’ibinyabuzima iri mu kaga ko gucika burundu, bitewe ahanini n’ibikorwa by’abantu.
Impamvu nyamukuru zirimo zivuga kenshi,ni ugutema amashyamba, ihindagurika ry’ibihe, imyanda ya pulasitike n’indi yangiza, uburobyi bukabije n’ubuhigi bw’inyamaswa.
Mu Rwanda, ikibazo cy’isenywa ry’ibidukikije kubera ubuhinzi bwaguka, inyamaswa z’inkazi zishobora kuba zacika n’ubwo hagiye hafatwa ingamba zitandukanye zo kubungabunga ibidukikije, ndetse n’imyanda iterwa mu biyaga irimo gukurura ibibazo by’igihe kirekire ku binyabuzima byo mu mazi.
Ku rwego rw’isi, amashyamba y’Amazone, amashyamba ya Kongo, ibiyaga n’inyanja byugarijwe n’ihinduka ry’ibihe, uburozi bwo mu butaka, ndetse n’ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi. Iyo amoko y’ibinyabuzima arimbutse, ni nk’aho twirukanye abantu mu rugo rwatugemuriraga ibyo kurya, amazi, umwuka n’uburinzi.
Icyakora hari intambwe ikomeje guterwa. Mu mwaka wa 2022, ibihugu binyuranye byariyemeje gahunda mpuzamahanga nshya yo kurengera ibidukikije izwi nka Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, igamije guhagarika isenyuka ry’ibidukikije no kubisana bitarenze 2030.
Muri iyi gahunda harimo intego yo kurinda nibura 30% by’ubutaka n’inyanja ku isi yose, gusana ibidukikije byangiritse, kugabanya imyanda ya pulasitike, no kurengera uburenganzira bw’abenegihugu n’imiryango gakondo.
Mu Rwanda, ibikorwa byinshi byakozwe mu guharanira iyi ntego. Harimo gushinga pariki nshya nka Gishwati-Mukura, gushyiraho ingamba zo guca burundu amasashi ya pulasitike kuva mu 2008, kwigisha abaturage uburyo bwo kurengera ibidukikije, ndetse no gutangiza gahunda z’ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije.
Kompanyi zitandukanye z’abikorera, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, n’itangazamakuru byose biri mu bafatanyabikorwa mu gusigasira ubuzima bw’isi.
Icyakora hari ibyo dukwiye kongeramo imbaraga, nko kongera ubukangurambaga mu mashuri n’itangazamakuru, gushishikariza abaturage gufata iya mbere mu bikorwa byo kurengera ibidukikije, gukaza amategeko arengera amashyamba n’amazi, kongera ibihingwa gakondo bitangiza ubutaka, ndetse no gushyigikira ubushakashatsi bw’ibinyabuzima byihariye.
U Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bicye ku mugabane w’Afurika bifite gahunda ihamye y’imicungire y’ibinyabuzima, ariko ibibazo nk’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, ibikorwa byo kwagura imijyi, n’ubucukuzi butita ku bidukikije bigaragaza ko urugendo ruracyari rurerure.
Uruhare rwa buri wese rurakenewe, abanyamakuru, abahinzi, abarezi, abanyeshuri, abashakashatsi n’abayobozi.
Umunsi Mpuzamahanga w’Ubwuzuzanye bw’ibinyabuzima ntabwo ari umunsi wo kwizihiza gusa, ni igihe cyo kongera gutekereza ku buryo twabaho neza twita ku bidukikije, ndetse tukabitoza n’abadukomokaho. Ni igihe cyo guhamya ko tudashobora kubaho tutitaye ku binyabuzima duturanye nabyo.
Niba dushaka isi itekanye, idufasha kubona ibitunga ubuzima, tugomba kuyubaha, kuyumva, no kuyirinda. Kandi nk’uko insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka ibivuga,“Buri wese abe igice cy’igitekerezo”—Be Part of the Plan, duhamagariwe kugira uruhare rugaragara mu gufata icyemezo cyo kurengera ibyo dufite mbere y’uko biducika burundu.
Icyegeranyo gishya cy’umuryango w’abibumbye ONU cyadhyizwe atagaragara mu.mwaka wa 2019, kigaragaza ko amoko agera kuri miliyoni y’inyamaswa n’ibimera, kuri ubu bifite ibyago byuko ashobora gucika.
Iki cyegeranyo cya ONU kivuga ko ibidukikije biri kwangirika ku muvuduko utari warigeze ubaho na mbere.
Iki cyegeranyo kigaragaza ko uko ibi bintu bimeze ubu bishobora guhinduka, ariko ko bisaba ko habaho “impinduka zikomeye” muri buri buryo abantu babana n’ibidukikije.
Iki cyegeranyo cyuko ibidukikije bimeze ku isi cyateguwe mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu, cyagendeye ku nyandiko n’andi makuru ibihumbi 15. Cyateguwe n’urubuga ruhuza za leta muri gahunda ya siyansi n’ingamba zijyanye n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima. Kiri ku mapaji 1800.
Incamake y’iyi nyandiko, iri ku mapaji 40 ikagira umutwe w’”incamake igenewe abakora igenamigambi”, yatangajwe muri 2019, Ikubiyemo igishobora kuba ari cyo kirego gikomeye cyane kibayeho kugeza ubu kijyanye n’ukuntu abantu bafashe urugo rumwe rukumbi bahuriyemo: isi dutuye.
Incamake y’iki cyegeranyo ivuga ko nubwo amateka agaragaza ko abantu bagiye iteka bangiza ibidukikije, mu myaka 50 ishize isi yashegeshwe bikomeye.
Dr Kate Brauman wigisha kuri Kaminuza ya Minnesota yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika akaba ari umwe mu bateguye iki cyegeranyo, avuga ko “impinduka ikomeye” isabwa kubaho itareba za leta gusa cyangwa abetegetsi b’inzego z’ibanze. Ko n’abantu ku giti cyabo hari icyo bakora.
“Dushobora kugira ubuzima bwiza kurushaho nk’abantu turya indyo zitandukanye kurushaho, ziganjemo imboga rwatsi, kandi dushobora no gutuma umugabane ugira ubuzima bwiza kurushaho duhinga imyaka yera ibyo biribwa mu buryo burambye kurushaho”.
Guhera mu mwaka wa 1970, abatuye isi bamaze kwikuba inshuro ebyiri ndetse n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bwikubye inshuro 10.
Mu gutunga, kwambika no guha ibicanwa abatuye iyi si ihindagurika byihuse, amashyamba yagiye atemwa mu buryo budasanzwe.
Wifuza gukorana natwe umenyekanisha ibikorwa byawe, duhamagare kuri
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