Ruhurura zahinduwe ibimoteri, isoko y’uburozi ku binyabuzima byo mu mazi
Mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu,hagaragara ruhurura zifashishwa nk’inzira z’amazi akenshi akonoka ku mvura yaguye muri ibyo bice ku bwinshi bigatuma amazi menshi atemba akerekeza aho agomba guturiza haba mu y’indi migezi n’utugezi no mu mirima.
Izi nzira z’amazi zifatwa nk’igice kinini cy’unutekano w’abazituriye n’abakorera ibindi bikorwa by’iterambere birimo imyubakire, ubuhinzi n’ubworozi kuko zitwara ayo mazi neza akirinda gukwirakwira hirya no hino aho ashobora gusenya Ingo cyangwa gutembana ibyo asanzwe mu nzira nk’amatungo, ibihingwa, inyubako byose birimo n’abantu ubwabo.
Muri ubwo buryo hari abatarabona akamaro k’izo ruhurura ngo bafate iy’ambere mu kuzisigasira no kuzizibura kuko bo basubira inyuma bakazigira ibimoteri byabo bamenamo ahanini imyanda yababanye myinshi mu ngo yiganjemo itabora nka pampex z’abana, amashashi,inyenda ishaje ,imifuka yakuwemo ibiribwa n’ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye kugira ngo imvura n’igwa ibitembane.
Abarimo Maniragaba Joseph na Niyomukiza Thierry bo mu karere ka Musanze baganiriye na Greenafrica.rw, bagaragaje ko abenshi mu bamena iyo myanda muri za ruhurura bitwikira imvura cyangwa ijoro bakajya kuyimenamo batitaye ku ngaruka bishobora guteza mu nzira z’amazi naho iyo myanda igomba guturiza haba mu mirima cyangwa se mu y’indi migezi irimo ibinyabuzima byinshi birimo n’ibyo abantu barya nk’isonzi n’amafi.
Maniragaba ati:”Hari ubwo aba ari ku manywa twahoze dupakira unucanga hafi y’iyi ruhurura ya Rwebeya ubona nta myanda irimo ariko imvura yagwa gato ukabona noneho hajemo uruvangatiranye rwayo harimo na bimwe babinda abana(Pampex) ukibaza aho biturutse bikakuyobera, ariko ikigaragara cyo ni uko hari abashobora kuba banga gutanga amafaranga y’ibishingwe ahubwo bakazajya babigenza gutyo bakabimena muri ruhurura.”
Yakomeje ati:”Ikibazo baba babona ko hacamo amazi Kandi ashobora kwangiza ibikorwa byabo nabo bakamenamo ibyo bintu bishobora kuyafungira inzira kuburyo yanayoba akajya mu ngo zabo, ubona ko biteje impungenge kuko hari ababigize umuco Kandi twese tumaze kumenya ko ari bibi ndetse n’isuku bahora badushishikariza iba ikomeje gukomwa mu nkokora.”
Mugenzi we Niyomukiza yagaragaje ko iyi myanda igira uruhare mu kwanduza indi migezi ihura nizo ruhurura avuga ko amatungo ashoka amazi yayo ashobora kuzarwara agapfa cyangwa ibinyabuzima birimo bigapfa ndetse bikarangira bibaye igihonbo ku muntu ubwe.
Ati:” Wowe urebye ibi bintu bamenamo byahura n’ifi ikaba nzima? Usanga bitemba bikajya mu y’indi migezi itemba nka Mukungwa ibamo ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibinyabuzima binagira uruhare ku buzima bwacu ariko twe tukabyica, ariya mazi hari abavomaho ayo guha amatungo yabo, nayashoka azarwara natwe tuyarye ubundi twisange twamaze kurwara ibirwara tutazi.”
Umukozi mu karere ka Musanze ushinzwe ibidukikije Wishavura Marie Grace yagaragaje ko umutungo kamere w’amazi ugomba kubungwabungwa ndetse anemeza ko abakora ibikorwa nk’ibyo byo kuyangiza hari icyo amategeko agenga ibidukikije abateganyiriza.
Ati:”Umutungo kamere w’amazi Uba ugomba kubungwabungwa kugira ngo n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruyabamo rugire ubuzima ariko ibikorwa bitandukanye bishobora gukorwa n’abaturage haba ari izo plastics cyangwa indi myanda itandukanye,bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mazi no kubinyabizima biyabamo cyangwa se ku bidukikije muri rusange ari nayo mpamvu ubuyobozi budashobora kureberera ubikoze igihe agaragye arabihanirwa nk’uko itegeko ry’iry’ibidukikije ribiteganya, turi mu gihugu kigendera ku mategeko kandi n’Akarere n’inzego z’ibanze zikurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amategeko.”
Yakomeje ati:” Ku rundi ruhande ubukangurambaga ni bwiza binyuze mu bikorwa bitandukanye bihuza abaturage n’abayobozi aho bashobora gusobanurirwa uburyo bwo kubika imyanda kugeza igeze muri za kampani zitandukanye dufite zishinzwe kuyitwara, bagasobanurirwa ibibi byo kuyimena aho babonye nko mu mirima,muri za ruhurura no mu migezi ,bakamenya ingaruka ziterwa na Plastike ku bantu bakoresha ayo mazi no ku bindi binyabuzima,hagati aho tukaba dukwiye gufatanya twese gukumira abantu nkabo, tugafatanya kubigisha kuko ingaruka zitugeraho muri rusange,byaba ubugira kenshi amategeko agakurikizwa.”
Plastike n’imyenda ishaje (https://www.greenafrica.rw/rw/imyenda-ishaje-ijugunwa-mu-mirima-yibitsemo-ibinyabutabire-byangiza-ibidukikije/) bifite ibinyabutabire byangiza ibidukikije uhereye ku mazi,ibimera no ku binyabuzima n’ibimwe mu byangiza ibidukikije bitinda Kubora kuko usanga biri hagati y’imyaka 200-500, byifitemo ibinyabutabire uhereye ku mabara yabyo yangiza(hazardous) kugeza ku mubiri wabyo ukomeye wangiza aho urambitse kugeza ku buzima bwacu kuko niba tunyoye amazi byaciyemo tunywa bya bisigazwa byayo.
Grace ku rundi ruhande yanakomoje ku bajya gufurira mu mazi y’urubogobogo aba atemba muri izi za ruhurura, agatembana isabune mpaka mu y’indi migezi agaragaza ko ibi bifite ibyago bikomeye ku binyabuzima bitewe n’uruvangavange (chemical products) ruvangwa kugira ngo isabune iboneke.
Ati:”Inama twagira abantu batandukanye bakoresha ayo mazi ku mpamvu zitandukanye zirimo na Business ni uko bamenya ko muri ayo mazi habamo ibinyabuzima kandi nabyo bikeneye kubaho,abafuriramo bamenya ko isabune mu buryo ikozwe ifite poroduwi (products) zishobora kwangiza abantu n’ibindi binyabuzima akaba ariyo mpamvu ugomba gufura agomba gufurira mu rugo,akavoma ya mazi akayajyana mu rugo kuko mu isabune harimo chemical products zica ibinyabuzima ndetse n’abantu bakisanga barwaye indwara zikomoka ku mwanda.”
Grace yasabye abantu batandukanye kurushaho kubungabunga imigezi n’inkengero zayo kuko ngo Uko imigezi isatirwa birushaho kwangiza ireme ry’amazi.Niyo mpamvu haba harashyizweho itegeko rya Bafa zone igomba kubahirizwa ikanabungwabungwa, ibyo nibyo bizatuma tugira ubuzima n’ibinyabuzima bikagira ubuzima.
Intera y’inkengero igomba gusigwa hagati y’imigezi n’ibiyaga iratandukanye, ku bikorwa by’ubuhinzi uturutse ku kiyaga ni metero 50 naho ibindi bikorwa birimo ubworozi ni hejuru yaho kugeza kuri metero 100, imigezi ihabwa Bafa zone hakurikijwe icyo itegeko rigena uko imigezi irutanywa, hari imigezi minini metero 10, hari iringaniye metero 5 kuzamura n’utugezi duto metero 3.
Umuyobozi mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije REMA ushinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’iyubahirizwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amategeko y’Ibidukikije Akimpaye Beatha yavuze ko kumena imyanda nk’iyo mu migezi na za ruhurura bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku kiremwa muntu,ibidukikije ubwabyo n’ubuhinzi.
Ati:”Iyo iyo myanda isutswe muri za ruhurura n’imigezi iratemba ikamanuka ikabanza kwica ibinyabuzima birimo Kandi tuzi ko buri kinyabuzima cyashyizweho gifitiye akamaro ikuremwa muntu uhereye ku buhinzi budutunga kugeza ku mwuka duhumeka buri munsi, hari ibinyabuzima bibamo turya nk’ubwoko butandukanye bw’amafi burya iyo myanda agapfa, natwe tugasubira inyuma tukayarya ku buryo usanga biba uruhererekane rw’indwara za hato na hato z’igihe kirekire zirimo na kanseri ,ibyorezo n’izindi zitandukanye, ingaruka za Plastike zakunze kugarukwaho n’ubwo ubukangurambaga no kwigisha bigikomeje ariko natwe ubwacu dufatanye kwicungira ubuzima n’ubwo hari amategeko ariko icyambere n’ukubanza kumenya ingaruka z’ibyo dukora.”
Ruhurura zigaragara mu karere ka Musanze,ahanini zicuncumukamo amazi aturutse mu birunga bya Karisimbi na Muhabura akicoka mu y’indi migezi nka Mukungwa nayo ikomeza ikerekeza muri Nyabarongo igahererekanya mu migezi minini nk’Akagera yose usanga icumbikiye ibinyabuzima bitandukanye.
Icyo Itegeko rirengera imigezi, inzuzi n’ibiyaga mu Rwanda riteganya.
Itegeko N°48/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 rigenga ibidukikije umutwe wa III, Ingingo ya 12, rivuga ko umutungo kamere w’amazi ugomba kurindwa ubuhumane aho bwaturuka hose.
Iri tegeko rikomeza rigaragaza ibikorwa bibujijwe, nko ku mutwe waryo wa VI, rigaragaza neza ibikorwa bibujijwe ndetse n’ibihano.
Mu ngingo yaryo ya 42, hagaragara urutonde rw’ibikorwa bibujijwe ku butaka buheherereye n’ibyanya birinzwe. Mu gaka karyo ka 1,2,3,5 na 6 rigira riti, birabujijwe:
1° kumena imyanda yaba yumye, itemba cyangwa gazi ihumanya mu mugezi, mu ruzi, mu gishanga, mu kidendezi, mu kiyaga no mu nkengero zabyo;
2° kwangiza ubwiza bw’amazi yaba ay’imusozi cyangwa ay’ikuzimu;
3° kumena, gutembesha cyangwa guhunika ibintu byose ahantu bishobora guteza cyangwa kongera ubuhumane bw’amazi;
5° Gushyira igikorwa cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi mu ntera ya metero icumi (10 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’imigezi n’inzuzi no mu ntera ya metero mirongo itanu (50 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’ibiyaga;
6° kubaka ikiraro cy’amatungo, ibagiro, isoko ry’amatungo mu ntera ya metero mirongo itandatu (60 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’imigezi n’inzuzi no muri metero magana abiri (200 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’ibiyaga;
7° kubaka mu masoko y’amazi, imigezi, inzuzi n’ibiyaga no mu nkengero zabyo mu ntera ya metero icumi (10 m) uvuye ku migezi na metero mirongo itanu (50 m) uvuye ku biyaga.
Mu ngingo yaryo ya 49, igaragaza ibikorwa bibujijwe mu ntera zitegetswe n’iri tegeko cyane cyane mu duka twaryo twa: 1,2 na 5
Rigira riti, Umuntu wese:
1° wubaka ikiraro cy’amatungo, ibagiro, isoko ry’amatungo mu ntera ya metero mirongo itandatu (60 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’imigezi n’inzuzi no muri metero magana abiri (200 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’ibiyaga;
2° ushyira igikorwa cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi mu ntera ya metero icumi (10 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’imigezi n’inzuzi no ku ntera ya metero mirongo itanu (50 m) uvuye ku nkombe z’ibiyaga;
5° umena imyanda yaba yumye, itemba, gazi ihumanya mu mugezi, mu ruzi, mu kiyaga no mu nkengero zabyo; ahanishwa ihazabu yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) no kuvanaho ibikorwa bye.
Iyo ibikorwa bivugwa mu gika cya mbere cy’iyi ngingo byakozwe n’umuntu ufite umushinga wakorewe isuzumangaruka ku bidukikije, nyirawo ahanishwa gusana indiri y’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima yangije n’ihazabu yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi ingana na kabiri ku ijana (2%) by’ikiguzi cy’umushinga.
Kugeza ubu, mu Rwanda habarurwa Imigezi 861 ifite uburebure bungana na Km 6462, ikaba ihuza amazi yayo mu migezi ibiri minini ya Nil na congo.
Nil ifata amazi y’iburasirazuba angana na 67%, umugezi wa congo ugafata amazi y’iburengerazuba angana na 33% by’amazi yose y’imigezi yo mu Rwanda.
Habarurwa kandi ibishanga 2860, biri ku buso bwa hegitari 278 536 n’ibiyaga 101 biri ku buso bwa hegitari 149487.
Nta raporo rusange y’Igihugu cyangwa ya Rwanda Housing Authority (RHA) cyangwa MININFRA ihari kugeza ubu igaragaza umubare ntakuka wa za ruhurura. Ariko, mu mijyi nka Kigali, hari gahunda nyinshi za drainage master plan zirimo igenzura n’imibare ya za ruhurura runaka, nko mu turere nka Gasabo, Kicukiro, na Nyarugenge. Muri iyo gahunda, haba harimo ibarura rya za ruhurura nshya zigiye gukorwa n’izisaba gusanwa, ariko ntibigaragaza umubare wazo mu gihugu cyose.
Wifuza gukorana natwe umenyekanisha ibikorwa byawe, duhamagare kuri
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