Ishyirwaho rya Geoparks nk’inkingi y’ubukungu n’iterambere ry’ubukerarugendo n’abaturage mu Rwanda

Mu gihe u Rwanda rukomeje kwiyubaka mu rwego rw’ubukerarugendo burambye no kubungabunga ibidukikije, abahanga bemeza ko abaturage ari bo nkingi ya mbere mu kubungabunga no kubyaza umusaruro Geoparks,ahantu hafite agaciro ka geology, amateka, n’umuco.

Nubwo kugeza ubu u Rwanda rutaragira UNESCO Global Geopark yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ibice bitandukanye by’u Rwanda by’umwihariko mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru aho dusanga Ibirunga 5 nka Karisimbi,Muhabura,Sabyinyo,Gahinga na Bisoke (Volcanoes), Ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo bifite inkomoko ku birunga n’igishanga cy’Urugezi kiri mu karere ka Burera ndetse na Buhanga Eco-Park yo muri Musanze yihariye umuco n’amateka n’ahandi(…)hafite imiterere y’ubutaka n’amabuye yihariye bishobora kubyazwa umusaruro binyuze mu bufatanye n’abaturage.

Geopark si amabuye gusa, ni ubuzima bw’abaturage bayaturiye. Geopark ihuza ubumenyi bwa kamere n’imibereho y’abantu. Ni ahantu hatuma ubukungu, uburezi, umuco n’ubukerarugendo byuzuzanya mu buryo burambye.

Uwase Saraphine , utuye mu Karere ka Burera,yemeza ko abaturage bakwiye gufatanya n’inzego z’ubuyobozi kugira ngo ibyo bice by’ubutaka n’imisozi bibe intandaro y’iterambere:

Ati:“Iyo abaturage batagize uruhare mu kubungabunga, ibikorwa byose biba nk’iby’abantu bo hanze. Ariko iyo ubasobanuriye ko Geopark ishobora kubaha akazi, kubateza imbere, no gutuma abana babo biga,bagomba guhita baba abarinzi bayo.”

Abaturage benshi mu bice bya Musanze,Burera na Rutsiro irimo Pariki nshya ya Gishwati-Mukura, batangiye kubyaza umusaruro ubumenyi n’ubukangurambaga bahawe ku bijyanye no kubungabunga amashyamba na parike. Mukarugwiza Domina, wo mu Karere ka Musanze, avuga ko nyuma yo gusobanukirwa n’akamaro k’ubutaka, yahinduye imyumvire ku kubungabunga amashyamba.

“Nari nsanzwe ncuruza inkwi, ariko ubu twasabwe guhinga tudatema. Iyo tubonye abashyitsi baza kureba ibyiza by’ahacu, tuba tumenya ko tugomba kubirinda kuko bitugezaho inyungu.”

Jean Bosco Habimana, ukora ubukorikori mu Karere ka Musanze, avuga ko abaturage bashobora kungukira mu bukerarugendo bushingiye ku mateka y’ubutaka:

Ati:“Turi gukora ibikoresho by’ubukorikori bushingiye ku mabuye yo mu misozi y’iwacu n’iibiti. Abashyitsi bifuza kumenya uko byakozwe, kandi natwe tukabona amafaranga n’akazi.”

Abanyeshuri biga ubukerarugendo bavuga ko ubumenyi ari intangiriro y’impinduka. Kwigisha abaturage akamaro k’amabuye, imisozi, n’imiterere y’ubutaka bituma bayubaha kandi bakabona uko babibyaza umusaruro.

Ibi byagaragaye mu bihugu nka Kenya na Tanzania aho abaturage basigaye bafatanya n’inzego z’ubuyobozi mu gukusanya amakuru, kuyobora ba mukerarugendo no gukora ibikorwa by’umuco byongera agaciro ka Geopark.

Muri Tanzania, Geopark ya Ngorongoro-Lengai ni urugero rwiza aho abaturage baragizwa imisozi, bakayibungabunga, kandi bakabona inyungu binyuze mu bukerarugendo bushingiye ku muco n’amateka y’ubutaka.

Muri Morocco, Geopark ya M’Goun yatumye abaturage batangira imishinga y’ubukorikori, ubukerarugendo n’uburezi bushingiye ku butaka, bituma bahindura imibereho yabo.

Ku rwego rw’Isi, Geoparks nka Arouca (Portugal) na Araripe (Brazil) zigaragaza uko abaturage bashobora gufatanya n’inzego z’ubuyobozi mu kubungabunga no guteza imbere ubumenyi bwa geology. Izi ngero zerekana ko Geopark itaba iy’abahanga gusa, ahubwo ari iy’umuryango wose.

Abashakashatsi bemeza ko kugira ngo Geopark ziboneke mu Rwanda, hakenewe ubushake bwa politiki, ubufatanye hagati y’inzego z’uburezi, urubyiruko n’abaturage.

Eng. Dominique Mvunabandi, Umuyobozi w’ishami ry’Ubumenyi, Ikoranabuhanga n’Iterambere rya UNESCO mu Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’u Rwanda, ashimangira ko:

“Geopark ni isoko y’iterambere rirambye. Ariko iterambere ridashingiye ku baturage ntiriba rirambye. Abanyeshuri biga ubukerarugendo bafite inshingano zo gusangiza ibyo bize mu baturage.”

“Geoparks igira inyungu ku baturage n’ubukerarugendo muri rusange, bigendeye ku butaka bwabo,amateka yaho batuye ndetse n’umuco, mu karere ka Burera dufite Ibiyaga bya Burera na Ruhondo bisendereye kubera igishanga cy’Urugezi ndetse binatanga urugomero rwa Ntaruka abaturage bungukiraho mu buryo bw’ubukungu.

Hari Eco-Park ya Buhanga bungukiraho kubera amateka yihariye ariko,ukazamuka ku birunga dufite bikoze kuri Uganda na DRC bitugaragaza nk’u Rwanda kubera uburebure bwabyo n’uruhare bigira kuri bya biyaga bibiri nabyo byavutse kubera ibikoma (magma) byamanutse bigacamo ubutaka kabiri.”

Avuga ku isano iri hagati y’ibikorwa bya Red Rocks Initiative birambye n’icyerekezo cya Geopark, Gregoire Bakunzi, Umuyobozi wa Red Rocks Initiative for Sustainable Development, yashimangiye ko byombi bifite ihuriro rimwe,guhuza abantu n’ibidukikije mu nyungu zirambye.

Ati:“Igitekerezo cya Geopark ntigisimbura ibyo twari dusanzwe dukora; ahubwo kirabigaragaza mu buryo burushijeho uburemere,”

Yakomeje ati:“Mu myaka myinshi ishize twagiye dufasha abaturage gusobanukirwa agaciro k’ibidukikije n’umuco wabo. Geopark izaha iyo ntego urubuga mpuzamahanga rufatika, ihindura ubutaka n’imisozi yacu ibyumba by’amahugurwa y’ibidukikije, n’umuco wacu ukaba umuyoboro uhuza kubungabunga n’iterambere.”

Iyi sano igaragaza ko ibi bikorwa byombi bisohoka mu rwego rw’ubukerarugendo gusa, bikibanda ku burezi, ubushobozi bw’abaturage no kubaka imibereho irambye,indangagaciro zimaze igihe zishyigikira umurongo wa Red Rocks kuva kera.

Dr. Cedrick Nsengiyumva, umwarimu n’umushakashatsi mu by’ubutaka n’amabuye y’agaciro, avuga ko u Rwanda rufite ubutaka buhebuje ku rwego rw’Isi bushobora kurufasha gushyiraho Geoparks zishingiye ku bwiza bw’imiterere y’ikirere, amateka y’ubutaka n’umuco.

Yagize ati: “Ubutaka bw’u Rwanda bufite amateka maremare kandi akomeye mu gusobanura uko ubuso bw’Isi bwagiye buhinduka. Uhereye ku mabuye ya kera cyane yo mu bihe bya Paleo-Mesoproterozoic kugeza ku mabuye ya vuba yavukanwe n’ikirunga, ibi byose bitanga amahirwe akomeye mu burezi, mu bumenyi, mu muco no mu bukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije.”

Dr. Nsengiyumva asobanura ko u Rwanda rufite urukurikirane rw’amabuye n’amakoma y’ikirere arinzwe neza, harimo uruziga rw’amabuye ya graniti, urwego rw’ibirunga bya Virunga, ndetse n’ibimenyetso byerekana ukugenda kw’inkangara z’ubutaka (active rifting), byose bigaragaza ko hari ahantu hashobora gutoranywa nk’ahakwiye gushyirwamo Geoparks.

Yakomeje agira ati: “U Rwanda rufite amasite menshi afite agaciro ku rwego mpuzamahanga, ariko hakenewe gukorwa urutonde rusesuye rwa geosites, rugaragaza amateka y’amabuye ahaboneka n’impamvu ahitwa amasite y’ingenzi ku rwego rw’Isi.”

Joseph Mugabo, ukora mu kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Amabuye, Petrole n’Gaz (RMB), avuga ko igitekerezo cya Geopark kitari ugusigasira amabuye gusa cyangwa gukora ubucukuzi, ahubwo ari uburyo bwo gukoresha ubutaka bw’amabuye n’isi ya kera mu buryo burambye. Akomeza avuga ko bigira akamaro mu bice bitatu by’ingenzi:

Yagize ati:” Igitekerezo cya Geopark gihuje neza n’intego z’iterambere rirambye mu Rwanda. Gituma dukoresha ubutaka bwacu bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu buryo buboneye, butari ugukora gusa, ahubwo tunabubyaza inyungu mu burezi, ubukerarugendo, n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.”

Geoparks si ibitekerezo by’ubumenyi gusa, ni uburyo bwo guhuza umuntu n’ubutaka bwe. Iyo abaturage, urubyiruko n’inzego za leta bafatanyije, habaho umuco wo kubungabunga no kubyaza umusaruro ibidukikije mu buryo burambye.

U Rwanda rufite ubushobozi bwo kuba intangarugero mu gushyira imbere ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku butaka, binyuze mu baturage bamenye, bafatanya kandi bakunda igihugu cyabo.

Prof. Asfawossen Asrat Kassaye, inzobere mu bijyanye na geology akaba n’Umwarimu muri Botswana International University of Science and Technology, ari mu ruzinduko rw’ubuhanga rwa UNESCO mu Rwanda rugamije gushyigikira gahunda yo gushinga Geoparks.

Avuga ko u Rwanda rufite ubutaka bufite agaciro k’isi yose, cyane cyane mu Majyaruguru n’Uburengerazuba aho higaragaza igice cy’iburasirazuba cy’ubutumburuke bwa Afurika (Western Arm of the East African Rift System). Aha ni ho havuka urunigi rw’ibirunga rwa Virunga n’uruhererekane rwa Rift rwa Kivu, bifite agaciro gakomeye mu gusobanura imiterere n’amateka y’isi.

Yibanda ku kuba hari geosites nyinshi zigaragaza ibi bikorwa by’ubumenyi nk’inkomoko y’ibirunga, amabuye ya kera, n’imiterere y’ubutaka zishobora gufasha mu kwigisha, gukora ubushakashatsi, ndetse no guteza imbere geotourism ishingiye ku bukungu burambye.

Yagize Ati:”Urunigi rw’ibirunga rwa Virunga hamwe n’uruhererekane rwa Kivu ni laboratoire nyazo y’ubumenyi bw’isi ifite agaciro k’isi yose. Gushinga Geoparks muri ibi bice bizafasha mu kubungabunga ubu butaka bwihariye, ariko kandi bizatuma abaturage babigiramo uruhare rukomeye binyuze mu burezi, ubushakashatsi, n’ubukerarugendo burambye.”

Ubuyobozi bw’intara y’Amajyaruguru burangajwe imbere na Guverineri Mugabowagahunde Maurice busanga igutekerezo cya Geoparks ari andi mahirwe yiyongera ku bukerarugendo bw’u Rwanda by’umwihariko ubukorerwa muri iyi ntara ibumbatiye urunigi rw’ibirunga,Ibiyaga ,amabuye y’agaciro n’akomoka ku birunga(amahoro), Za Eco-Parks ,ikirere gihehereye n’ibindi nk’uko yabikomojeho muri mahugurwa ya UNESCo (National Consultation Workshop on UNESCO Global Geopark in Rwanda) yabaye kuwa 29 Nzeri 2025.

Ibyiza Nyaburanga by’u Rwanda bifitanye isano na Geoparks

U Rwanda ni igihugu gifite ubwiza bw’ikirere, ubutaka bufite amateka ya geologiya yihariye ndetse n’ubwiza karemano bushobora gutuma kibyazwa umusaruro mu rwego rwa Geopark.

🔹 Pariki eshatu z’igihugu na Gishwati-Mukura

Volcanoes National Park (160 km²),ifite ibirunga 5 bikomeye byakomotse ku miriro y’ubutaka (volcanic activity), bikaba isoko nyayo ya geological heritage.

Nyungwe National Park (1,019 km²) – ikungahaye ku misozi n’ibibaya byaturutse ku bihinduka by’ubutaka bya kera, ndetse ikaba ifite isano ya hafi na Gishwati–Mukura.

Akagera National Park (1,122 km²) ifite ibiyaga 10 n’imigezi y’ubutaka bworoshye (sedimentary geology) bitanga umwihariko w’amashyamba y’inzitane n’imisozi mito.

🔹 Ibiyaga n’Imigezi:
U Rwanda rufite ibiyaga 24, birimo Kivu (2,700 km²) ari nacyo kinini, ndetse n’imigezi irenga 860 ikomoka ku misozi miremire. Ibi byose ni isoko y’amateka ya geology n’ihindagurika ry’ubutaka ryabayeho imyaka ibihumbi ishize.

🔹 Imisozi n’ibirunga:
Harabarirwa imisozi irenga 1,000 ifite uburebure buri hejuru ya metero 2,000, harimo Karisimbi (4,507 m), umusozi muremure kurusha indi mu gihugu. Iyi misozi ni yo shingiro rya volcanic and tectonic features zishobora kubyazwa Geopark.

🔹 Ibishanga n’amashyamba:
Ibishanga by’u Rwanda bifite ubuso bungana na 10% by’igihugu, bigira uruhare mu gusigasira ubutaka n’imvura, bikaba byakorwaho ubushakashatsi bwa geology n’ubumenyi bw’amazi (hydro-geology).

🔹 Imisozi n’imiterere y’amabuye:
Amabuye menshi yo mu Rwanda (nk’andi agatukura ka Gisenyi n’ay’ubwiza bwo mu birunga) afite amateka y’imiriro y’ubutaka y’ahantu hakwiye kwitabwaho nka Geosite.

Iyi miterere yose ituma u Rwanda rufite amahirwe yo gushyiraho Geopark ihuza ubumenyi bwa geology, umuco n’ubukerarugendo burambye. Iyo abaturage bafashe iya mbere mu kubungabunga ibi byiza, baba bubaka ejo hazaza h’igihugu gishingiye ku kubaha no gusigasira ubutaka.

Geoparks si iy’abahanga gusa, ni iy’abaturage, abashakashatsi n’urubyiruko bafatanyiriza hamwe kubungabunga ubuzima n’amateka y’igihugu cyabo. U Rwanda, rufite ibyiza byihariye by’ubutaka n’imisozi, rushobora kuba umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa ba mbere ba UNESCO Global Geoparks muri Afurika, igihe abaturage bazaba bafite ijambo mu kubungabunga no kubibyaza umusaruro.