Imyenda ishaje ijugunywa mu mirima yibitsemo ibinyabutabire byangiza ibidukikije
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko uburyo bwo kubika imyanda bukiri ikibazo ku Isi yose, hari imyenda ishaje ifite ibinyabutabire byangiza ibidukikije n’ubuhinzi kuko aho iyo myenda ijugunywe ubwo butaka buhita buba imfabusa ndetse bikanagorana ko amazi yinjira mu butaka yinjiriye ahari iyo myenda bamwe bita “Ibishwangi”.
Hagaragazwa ko uburyo bwo kubika imyanda ibora n’itabora ari ikibazo kuko ahenshi bataragera ku rwego runaka rwo guhangana na byo( weste management) cyane cyane mu miryango yacu bimwe bizwi nka “Sorting”
Umujyanama w’Igihugu mu bijyanye no gushyira Ibidukikije mu bikorwa bya Politiki muri Porogaramu y’Iterambere y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UNDP), Fred SABITI yabwiye Greenafrica.rw ko ubu buryo bukiri ingorane cyane ariko avuga ko ku ruhande rwa leta hari ibigenda bitekerezwaho kugira ngo hashakwe umuti wo guhangana n’iki kibazo.
Ati:”Abenshi baracyatanga imyanda ivanze irimo ibora n’itabora ndetse n’ibindi…ariko kuri iyo gahunda ni uko leta igenda itekereza ibitandukanye ku bijyanye no kubika imyanda (weste management) ndatekereza ko ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (REMA) hari ibyo cyatangiye kuganira n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa kugira ngo barebe ko n’icyo kibazo cyakemuka kuko imyenda ni myinshi n’isaza ni myinshi ariko mu by’ukuri uburyo bwo kuyibungabunga kugira ngo itangiza ibidukikije ni ngombwa”.
Hitezwe ko iyi politike ya leta niba imaze kunozwa abantu bazamenyeshwa uko bizajya bigenda kubijyanye n’igikorwa cyo kugenzura imyanda.
Akomeza agaragaza ko imyenda igiye mu butaka idapfa gusaza ngo ibore Kandi ko aho umwambaro ugiye amazi adapfa kuwucamo ngo yinjire mu butaka.
Ati:” Ubwo ni uburyo bumwe bukomeye, ngira ngo no mu butaka busanzwe iyo abahinzi bagiye guhinga cyangwa n’abubatsi iyo bubaka, hari igihe bagera ku myambaro yashaje ariko isa naho igikomeye kandi imaze imyaka myinshi mu butaka, icyirindwa rero ni ibyo byose bishobora kubuza amazi cyangwa n’ibindi byose kwinjira mu butaka ,kimwe nuko haciwe palasitike( plastics) hamwe n’iyo myenda byose aho bigiye ubutaka buhita buba imfabusa.”
Uretse kujugunya iyi myenda ishaje mu mirima,impuguke ku bidukikije zigaragazwa Kandi ko no kuyijugunya mu mazi nabyo bigira ingaruka ku bantu,ibimera no ku bindi binyabuzima muri rusange.
Ku rwego rw’Isi n’u Rwanda turimo ,buri mwaka haboneka byibuze imyanda y’imyenda ishaje igera kuri Toni Miliyoni 92 Kandi 30% niyo yongine inagurwa igakorwamo ibindi, Ibi bigaragazwa nk’ikibazo gikomeye kuko irindi janisha risigaye rya 70% ubuzima bwayo burangirira mu butaka no mu mazi.
Impuguke mu bidukikije Dr.Maniragaba Abias yavuze ko indodo z’iyi myenda zimara imyaka myinshi mu butaka zikica ibimera naho ibinyabutabire by’imiti ibamo bikangiza ubuzima bw’abakoresha amazi.
Ati:” Bitewe n’icyo umwenda ukozemo, iyo bigeze mu butaka imvura ikagwa ni ukuvuga ngo ayo mazi agenda ashongesha ya miti bagiye bashyiramo bayikora, ku buryo bishobora kugera.mu mazi yo hasi y’ubutaka akaba ashobora kwandura(…) nk’abantu bayanyoye bishobora kubagiraho ingaruka. Bishobora Kandi kugabanya umusaruro kuko ubuhinzi bushobora kuhababarira cyane igihe imyenda irangiriye mu mirima.”
Dr.Maniragaba asanga uburyo bwo gukoresha abantu gukusanya imyenda ishaje no kugira aho bayijyana bakanabihemberwa, byafasha igihugu kwita ku iherezo ryiza ry’iyi myenda.
Ati:”Bashyizeho uburyo iyashaje cyangwa itagikoreshwa isubizwa kuri UTEXRWA ikaba yashobora kuvanywamo indi igasubizwa.ku isoko, nzi ko ubushobozi n’iryo koranabuhanga bihari, bashyizeho uburyo bwa Inite(Unity) cyangwa iyo ikusanyirizo (Component) ry’imyenda ishaje,ntabwo ari inyungu kuri leta gusa abantu nabo baba bafitemo inyungu kuko ni uburyo bwo kuzamura ubucuruzi(Business) abantu bashobora gukora aho kugira ngo bikomeze kurangirira mu bidukikije bikaba byakoreshwa mu bundi buryo.
Ku rwego rw’Isi 20% by’imyenda ishaje, niyo ikusanywa Kandi 30% byayo niyo inagurwa ikongererwa ubuzima cyangwa igakorwamo ibindi bikoresho.
Mu Rwanda buri mwaka habonekamo Toni Imwe n’igice (1.5) y’imyanda ariko 4% byayo niyo inagurwa igakorwamo ibindi harimo n’iyimyenda ishaje.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko imyenda ishaje ijugunywa mu butaka ishobora kumara imyaka iri hagati ya 30 na 200 itarabora, bitewe n’ubwoko bw’imyenda. Imyenda ikozwe mu bikoresho by’imisatsi y’ibinyabuzima (nk’ipamba cyangwa ubudodo bw’ibiti) ishobora kubora mu gihe gito kurusha ikozwe mu bikoresho bya plastiki cyangwa polyester, bishobora kumara igihe kirekire cyane.
Mu Rwanda, itegeko rigenga ibidukikije n’ikoranabuhanga rirengera ibidukikije rivuga byinshi ku bijyanye no kurinda ibikorwa byangiza ibidukikije, birimo no kujugunya ibikoresho bitabora nk’imyenda ishaje na pulasitiki mu mazi no mu butaka.
Amategeko arebana n’iki kibazo:
1. Itegeko Nº 48/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 rigenga ibidukikije:
Ingingo ya 23: Iramira ibikorwa byose byangiza ibidukikije, birimo no kujugunya imyanda mu buryo butemewe, harimo mu mazi no mu butaka.
Ingingo ya 31: Irabuzanya gukoresha, gukora, cyangwa kujugunya ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa inshuro imwe (single-use plastics) mu buryo butemewe
2. Amabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’Ibidukikije:
Gushyira imyanda mu mazi cyangwa mu butaka ni icyaha, kandi bikorwa hashingiwe ku mabwiriza yihariye yo gutunganya no kubika imyanda.
Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibidukikije (REMA) gifite inshingano zo kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’aya mategeko.
Ibihano:
Ukoresha cyangwa ujugunya pulasitiki n’imyanda itabora mu buryo butemewe ahanwa n’amande cyangwa ibihano by’ubutabera, nk’uko biteganywa n’amategeko agenga ibidukikije.
Hari ibihano birimo guca ihazabu y’amafaranga, ndetse bishobora kugera ku gufungwa bitewe n’ingaruka zatejwe n’ibikorwa byo kwangiza ibidukikije.
Bityo, kujugunya imyenda ishaje na pulasitiki mu mazi cyangwa mu butaka mu Rwanda bifatwa nk’icyaha gihanwa n’amategeko, hagamijwe kurinda ibidukikije no guteza imbere isuku n’umutekano w’ibidukikije.
