Icyerekezo gishya cy’ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka muri EAC
Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka mu bihugu bigize umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) buri gucirirwa inzira irambye,bihereye ku buryo bwo guhinga burengera ibidukikije buzwi nka agroecology bufata intera nk’uburyo bw’iterambere rirambye mu buhinzi n’ubucuruzi.
Ubu buhinzi bushingiye ku kubungabunga ubutaka, amazi, ibinyabuzima no kurinda ubuzima bw’abantu, bukirinda ikoreshwa ry’imiti yica udukoko n’ifumbire mvaruganda, ahubwo bukubakira ku bushobozi karemano bw’ubutaka n’ubumenyi gakondo bw’abahinzi.
Ni icyerekezo gitanga amahirwe ku bahinzi bato, cyane cyane abagore n’urubyiruko, bagenda babona uko ibicuruzwa byabo bigera ku masoko yo mu karere.
Ariko, haracyari imbogamizi mu mategeko, mu gutanga ibyemezo by’ubuziranenge, ndetse no mu guhuza ibihugu by’Afurika y’Uburasirazuba.
Ibi byagarutsweho mu nama mpuzamahanga yateguwe n’Ihuriro ry’Ubusugire bw’Ibiribwa muri Afurika (AFSA), yabereye i Jinja muri Uganda kuva ku wa 27 kugeza ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2025, ifite insanganyamatsiko igira iti: “Guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’ibiribwa byahinzwe mu buryo burengera ibidukikije mu karere.”
Abitabiriye iyi nama bagaragaje ko kugira ngo ubu buhinzi bugire uruhare rugaragara mu iterambere ry’ubucuruzi, hakenewe amategeko asobanutse, uburyo bwo gusangira ibyemezo by’ubuziranenge, n’ubufatanye hagati y’inzego za leta, abikorera,amashyirahamwe y’abahinzi n’abacuruzi bambukiranya imipaka ubwabo.
Mu Rwanda,Umuryango Nyarwanda uteza imbere ubuhinzi bw’umwimerere (Rwanda Organic Agriculture Movement, ROAM) ugaragazwa nk’ufite uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ubu buhinzi.
Wafashije amakoperative atandukanye, harimo n’ayakora ubuhinzi bwa kawa, imboga n’imbuto, kubona amahugurwa, amafumbire karemano, no kugera ku masoko yizewe.
Ribaho Serge, umwe mu bakozi ba ROAM ushinzwe iyamamaza buhinzi, avuga ko bakomeje kugerageza kongera umusaruro no kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu buhinzi burengera ibidukikije.
Ati:“Turi gukora uko dushoboye kugira ngo amafumbire karemano aboneke mu buryo bwemewe ku rwego rw’akarere. Ibyo bizafasha abahinzi kubona ibisubizo bitangiza ubutaka kandi byongere agaciro ku bicuruzwa byabo. Ariko ikibazo gikomeye cyagarutsweho ni uko buri gihugu kigifite amategeko yacyo agenga ibicuruzwa bya kinyabuzima, bigatuma rimwe na rimwe ibicuruzwa byo mu gihugu kimwe bitemererwa ahandi,”
Muhire Gilbert, umukozi wa koperative Dukunde Kawa Musasa ushinzwe ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’amasoko, asobanura ko ubu buhinzi bwabafashije guteza imbere ubuziranenge bw’ikawa yabo.
Ati:“Twahisemo guhinga mu buryo burengera ibidukikije kugira ngo duhangane n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe. Dukoresha ifumbire y’amatungo, ibisigazwa by’ibimera n’ibindi bibora kandi ubutaka bwacu bwongeye kugira imbaraga. Uretse guhinga ikawa, turanayitunganya kandi tukayohereza hanze y’u Rwanda. Ubu ikawa yacu ifite isoko muri Amerika no mu Burayi kubera ko ari organic kandi iryoshye kurushaho.
Ariko kugera ku masoko yo mu karere biracyagorana kubera imbogamizi zitandukanye zirimo imisoro itandukanye y’ibihugu n’ibyangombwa bitinda gutangwa ku buryo ari ibintu byashakirwa umurongo bikarushaho kutworohereza .”
Abacuruzi barifuzako habaho “center (ihuriro) y’ibicuruzwa bya agroecology” aho ibiribwa byahinzwe mu buryo burengera ibidukikije byajya bigurishwa byonyine, bifite umwihariko kandi byorohereza abaguzi kubitandukanya n’ibyakoreshejwe imiti n’ifumbire mvaruganda.
Mbabazi Edsa, umucuruzi ku mupaka wa Kagitumba, avuga ko ibi byatuma ubucuruzi bw’abagore n’urubyiruko buzamuka cyane.
Ati:“Iyo habaho aho ibicuruzwa bya agroecology bigurishirizwa byonyine, byafasha abaguzi kubitandukanya n’ibyakoreshejwe imiti n’ifumbire mvaruganda. Bituma bigira agaciro kandi bigahesha abahinzi inyungu ikwiye.”
Abitabiriye inama basuye uduce dutandukanye dukorerwaho ubuhinzi bubungabunga ibidukikije n’umipaka nka Busia hagati ya Uganda na Kenya,Aho basuye ubucuruzi buhakorerwa ndetse banaganira n’abacuruzi, abakozi ba leta n’abatwara ibicuruzwa.
Bagaragaje ko hakiri inzitizi mu gutanga ibyemezo by’ubuziranenge, ibibazo by’imisoro, n’itandukaniro mu bipimo bya buri gihugu.
Umwe mu bakozi ba gasutamo ku mupaka wa Busia avuga ko uburyo bumwe bwo guhuza ibisabwa mu rwego rwa EAC bwafasha mu kugabanya ibiciro n’igihe cyatakazwaga.
Milium Belay,umuhuzabikorwa mukuru wa AFSA, yavuze ku mwihariko w’iyi nama yagarutse kunngingo zitandukanye zigamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ku bicuruzwa bikomoka ku buhinzi butangiza.
Yagize ati:“Intego nyamukuru y’iyi nama yari ukumenya neza icyo ubuhinzi burengera ibidukikije (agroecology) ari cyo, ibyo ibicuruzwa byahinzwe mu buryo burengera ibidukikije bisobanura, ndetse n’ibikorwa byose bibera ku mipaka mu bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. Twabonye imbogamizi, harimo gutinda kubona ibyemezo by’ubuziranenge, ibibazo by’ibimenyetso biranga ibicuruzwa, ndetse n’ingaruka z’ubuhinzi bukoresha imiti n’ifumbire ikomoka mu nganda.”
Yakomeje ati:”Twabonye kandi amahirwe menshi: hari amabwiriza y’akarere ataramenyekana neza, gahunda z’ubuhinzi mu bihugu bimwe birimo gushyiraho politiki z’ubuhinzi burengera ibidukikije, ndetse abahinzi bato benshi bamaze gutangira gukora ibicuruzwa bya agroecology.
Abafatanyabikorwa bagomba gukuraho imbogamizi z’ubucuruzi, gushyiraho amasoko yihariye y’ibiribwa byahinzwe mu buryo burengera ibidukikije, kongera uburyo bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bufatanye, guteza imbere ubushobozi bw’amashyirahamwe akora ku mipaka, gushora imari mu bubiko bukonjesha, gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bumwe bwo guhuza amafaranga y’akarere, ndetse no gushyigikira kumenyekana ku rwego rw’akarere k’ibipimo by’ubuzima n’imiti.
Intego ni uguhuza agroecology n’amategeko n’imigambi y’ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi mu karere kose.”
Uyu mwanzuro ugaragaza ko ubuhinzi burengera ibidukikije atari uburyo bwo guhinga gusa, ahubwo ari uburyo bwo kubaka ubucuruzi burambye, bufasha abahinzi, abacuruzi n’abaguzi, kandi butanga umusaruro urambye ku bidukikije n’ahazaza h’akarere.
