Gutekesha gaze mu bigo bihuza abantu benshi, igisubizo ku mashyamba no ku ihindagurika ry’ibihe
Gutekera abanyeshuri mu bigo ni kimwe mu byibazwagaho mu kugira uruhare rwo kwangiza amashyamba binyuze ku ngano y’ibiti bitemwa bikagirwa inkwi, mu gihe leta y’u Rwanda ihanganye no kongera ubuso buteyeho amashyamba hakumirwa ihindagurika ry’ibihe no gusubiza icumbi urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruyabamo.
Ni mu gihe umushinga Green Amayaga washyizweho na Leta y’u Rwanda ibinyujije mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije(REMA), watangije ikoreshwa rya Gaze mu bigo by’ishuri ariko mu turere tw’Amayaga aritwo Kamonyi,Nyanza, Ruhango na Gisagara, ahanini byagaragaraga ko hamaze kuba nk’ubutayu.
Hatanzwe Gaze mu bigo 20 byo mu turere 4 two mu mayaga, tanki imwe ijyamo Toni 1200,kugira ngo zigabanye iyangirika ry’amashyamba kuko ibigo by’amashuri biri mu bikoresha inkwi nyinshi ndetse bisobanuye gutema amashyamba.
Iki kigo cy’ishuri cya Saint Bernadette de Kamonyi gitekera abanyeshuri barenga 1600 kuri gaze,bakagaragaza ko kuyikoresha byababereye igisubizo mu buryo butandukanye burimo isuku yo mu gikoni, kurengera ubuzima bw’abagikoresha, kugabanya amafaranga yakoreshwaga mu gihembwe hagurwa inkwi ndetse no kurengera ibidukikije.
Umuyobozi wungirije w’iri shuri ushinzwe amasomo, Padiri Mbarushimana Andre . Yagize ati:”Uyu ni umwaka wa 2 dukoresha gaze,yatugiriye akamaro gakomeye mbere na mbere harimo isuku mu gikoni,igabanyuka ry’inkwi twakoreshaga Kandi igatuma abanyeshuri barira ku gihe kuko yihutisha imirimo no kurengera ibidukikije muri rusange kuko bikuraho wa mwotsi wazamukaga mu kirere bitewe n’inkwi.”
Yakomeje ati:”Mu gihe cy’imvura gukoresha inkwi byabaga ari ibibazo cyane ariko gaze ikoreshwa ibihe byose,byibuze ku gihembwe twakoreshaga miliyoni zisaga 4 mu kugura inkwi ariko ubu gaze ya Toni 1200 idutwara miliyoni 1,200,000 n’inkwi nke dukoresha ubu ni miliyoni 1,200,000 ku buryo ubu dusigaye dukoresha byibuze miliyoni 2,400,000.”
Mugiraneza Claude uri mu ikipe iteka muri iri shuri (cooker) yavuze ko imyotsi yabangizaga amaso ku buryo byagoranaga kumara igihe kirekire mu kazi akora.Anagaragaza impungenge z’uko bashoboraga kuzarwara indwara z’ubuhumekero bitewe n’ibinyabutabire birimo nka Particules fines (PM2.5),ifite utuntu duto cyane dushobora kwinjira mu bihaha no mu maraso, bigatera indwara z’ubuhumekero n’umutima.
Ati:”Aho dukoreshereje Gaze birikudufasha cyane kuko nta myotsi myinshi tugihumeka kuko twagiraga impungenge z’uko tuzarwara indwara z’ubuhumekero n’amaso. Nubwo uruhande rumwe tugikoresha inkwi ariko byaragabanyutse,bizaba byiza no mu gikoni gisigaye hageze Gaze.”
Iki kigo gihamya ko umushinga wa Green Amayaga wababereye igisubizo kirambye mu gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye byagaragaraga mu kigo no mu kirere cyacyo.
Ngendahimana Cyprien ushinzwe itumanaho mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cyo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije yemeje ko umushinga Green Amayaga wagize umusaruro haba mu kubungabunga ibidukikije no guteza imbere imibereho y’abaturage mu gice ukoreramo.
Ati:”Turi kongera kubona Amayaga atoshye nyuma y’uko umushinga utangiye. Ubuso buteyeho amashyamba bwariyongereye, ibiti by’imbuto n’ibivangwa n’imyaka biterwa mu mirima y’abaturage bifasha mu kurumbura ubutaka no kugabanya imirire mibi. Umushinga wanatanze amatungo n’imbabura bifasha abagenerwabikorwa kwiteza imbere kandi bakanagira uruhare mu kubungabunga ibidukikije. Gaz zatanzwe mu bigo by’amashuri zo ziza ari akarusho kuko uretse kugabanya imyuka yongera ubushyuhe mu kirere, zagabanyije iyangirika ry’amashyamba zinafasha guteza imbere ireme ry’uburezi no kubungabunga ubuzima bw’abanyeshuri n’abakozi bo mu mashuri yazihawe”
Usibye Gazi 20,uyu mushinga watanze mu bigo 4 byo mu turere tw’Amayaga zatwaye miliyoni zirenga 304 kubera ko hagurwaga Gaze ya Toni 1200 n’ibindi bikoresho byo kuyubaka ( linstallation),wanatanze imbabura za rondereza ibihumbi 21 mu kunganira iyi gahunda ya gaze zifite ubushobozi bwo kuzigama ibicanywa ku gipimo cya 55%.
Mu ishuri rya Saint Bernadette de Kamonyi hakoreshwaga ku gihembwe amasiteti y’inkwi 90 yatwaraga 1,350,000 Frws , mu bihembwe 3 bakoreshaga byibuze 270 yatwaraga 4,050,000 by’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Amakuru ya vuba yatanzwe na Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC) yagaragazaga ko mu mwaka wa 2021/2022,mu Rwanda hari ibigo by’amashuri 4,842. Mu mwaka wa 2024 gahunda y’igihugu y’Uburezi (ESSP) yateganyaga kubyongera bikagera ku 4,923,ushyize ku ijanisha % ugasanga ibyinshi muri byo biteka bikoresheje inkwi.
Umuyobozi muri REMA ushinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko yo kurengera ibidukikije Akimpaye Beatha yagaragaje ko imishinga myinshi itangira ari igeragezwa yamara guhama ikavugururwa mu rwego rwo kuyongerera imbaraga no gushaka ibisubizo by’ibibazo bishobora kuyiturukaho.
Ati:”Mu gihe kugaburira abanyeshuri ku mashuri (schot feeding) bimaze hari byinshi byagiye bikemura harimo no kugabanya umubare w’abana bataga ishuri kubera ibibazo birimo no kwiga bashonje, niyo mpamvu no kuba byaratangiye hakoreshwa ibiti(inkwi) nabyo ari undi mushinga twe turi kurebaho wo kubikemura kugira ngo hashakwe igisubizo kirambye kidufasha ku kubungabunga amashyamba yacu n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Turikugerageza umushinga wo gukoresha gazi mu bigo by’amashuri,tukareba niba uzaba udahenze n’uburyo iyo gaze izajya iboneka byoroshye, ni muri ubwo buryo tubona ko ikintu cyose kigenda gikemuka intambwe ku y’indi Kandi turizera ko igisubizo kirambye gihari.”
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Amashyamba (RFA) cyatangaje ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda igeze kure umuhigo rwihaye wo gusubiranya hegitari miliyoni ebyiri z’ubutaka bitarenze 2030 mu rwego rwo kubungabunga no kurengera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Umwotsi ukomoka ku bicanwa ugira uruhare mu kongera ubushyuhe mu kirere no guteza uburwayi ku kiremwa muntu.
Iyo inkwi zitwitswe, zisohora imyotsi irimo ibinyabutabire bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abantu no ku bidukikije. Iyi myotsi ikunze gukunda mu ngo cyane cyane mu bice by’icyaro aho inkwi n’amakara ari byo bikoresho by’ibanze mu guteka.
Usanga Kandi mu bigo bihuza abantu benshi nko mu bigo by’amashuri,gereza n’ahandi bakunze guteka akenshi bakoresheje inkwi. Ibi ni bimwe mu biteza ingaruka nyinshi ku iyangirika ry’amashyamba bitewe n’ubwinshi bw’ibiti bitemwa,bityo bigateza ingaruka ku kiremwa muntu no ku bidukikije.
Ubushakashatsi bagaragaza ko imyotsi itera indwara z’ubuhumekero nka asthma, bronchite, n’indwara y’ibihaha.Irimo ibinyabutabire bishobora gutera kanseri, cyane cyane kanseri y’ibihaha. Kubana n’imyotsi igihe kinini bishobora gutera umunaniro ukabije n’ibibazo by’umutima.
Ibyuka biva mu nkwi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bagore batwite n’abana bato, bikabangamira imikurire y’abana.
Ingaruka ku bidukikije
Icanywa ry’inkwi ritanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere, irimo gaze itera ihindagurika ry’ibihe. Kugabanyuka kw’amashyamba kubera gutema ibiti bigira ingaruka ku butaka no ku bwiza bw’ikirere. Iyo myotsi ifite ibinyabutabire bigira uruhare mu mvura igwa ifite aside (acid rain), igira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije.
Gaze ziboneka mu myotsi ikomoka ku nkwi:
Carbon monoxide (CO): Itera umwuka mubi mu maraso, igatera guhumeka nabi ndetse ishobora no kwica. Carbon dioxide (CO₂): Ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru z’ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Methane (CH₄): Iyi ni gaze ikomeza ubushyuhe bw’isi inshuro nyinshi ugereranyije na CO₂. Particules fines (PM2.5): Iyi myotsi ifite utuntu duto cyane dushobora kwinjira mu bihaha no mu maraso, bigatera indwara z’ubuhumekero n’umutima naho Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) na Sulfur dioxide (SO₂): Bishobora gutera imvura irimo aside, yangiza ubutaka n’amazi.
Muri urwo rugendo rwo gutera amashyamba mu guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe,no kugabanya imyuka ijya mu Kirere,umushinga Green Amayanga ufite intego y’ingano y’imyuka igomba kugabanya yoherezwa mu kirere ari naho haturutse indi mishinga nka NAP Project na LD CF3 (….) iyishamikiyeho ifasha mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.