Guhorana ishyari bitera indwara zo mu mutwe n’umutima zidakira
Ishyari ni rimwe mu marangamutima y’abantu akunze kugaragara cyane mu buzima bwa buri munsi, ariko rimwe na rimwe igafatwa nk’icyaha cyangwa igisebo. Nubwo ari igikorwa kigaragara nk’ikibi, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ishyari rifite imizi mu mitekerereze isanzwe y’abantu, kandi rifite ingaruka zaba nziza cyangwa mbi bitewe n’uko ririmo gukoreshwa cyangwa ryakiriwe.
Mu ndimi zitandukanye n’inyandiko za kera, ishyari ryagiye risobanurwa nk’amarangamutima mabi umuntu agira iyo abonye undi afite ibyo we adafite. Mu Cyongereza, rizwi nka envy, kandi mu ndimi za kera nka Kilatini, invidia bivuga kureba undi nabi kubera umunezero we cyangwa ibyo atunze.
Mu bushakashatsi bwa psychologie, ishyari rifatwa nk’amarangamutima agizwe n’uburibwe, agahinda, n’umujinya umuntu agira iyo abonye undi arusha cyangwa afite ibintu byiza yifuzaga.
Ubushakashatsi bwa psychologist Richard Smith n’abandi (2008) bwagaragaje amoko abiri y’ishyari:
Ishyari ryubaka (Benign envy): Iyo umuntu abonye undi amurusha, bikamutera imbaraga zo gukora cyane no kwiteza imbere. Nta bugome buba burimo, ahubwo ni nk’ishyari rifite intego yo guteza imbere umuntu ubwe.
Ishyari ryangiza (Malicious envy): Iyo umuntu yifuza ko undi yakwamburwa ibyiza afite, rimwe na rimwe bigakurura ubushotoranyi, uburiganya, no kumwangira. Ni bwo bwoko bukunze gutera intonganya mu mibanire.
Abahanga mu mitekerereze bemeza ko ishyari rifitanye isano n’ibi bikurikira:
Ikizere gike umuntu yifitiye (low self-esteem): Iyo umuntu yumva adafite agaciro, agira akamenyero ko kwigereranya n’abandi, bigakurura ishyari.
Imiterere y’imiryango cyangwa sosiyete: Mu muryango w’amarushanwa, aho gutsinda cyangwa kugira byinshi bitangwa nk’ipimo ry’agaciro, abantu bahora mu ishyari.
Imbuga nkoranyambaga: Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imbuga nkoranyambaga nk’Instagram na Facebook zitera ishyari cyane, kuko abantu bahora berekana gusa ubuzima bwabo bwiza, bigatuma abandi bumva bacitse intege cyangwa barenganyijwe.
Ishyari rishobora kugaragara mu buryo butandukanye:
Gutaka cyangwa kunenga abandi mu buryo buhoraho.
Kwirinda abandi ku mpamvu zitarimo ukuri.
Kwishimira ibyago by’abandi (schadenfreude).
Kugirira abandi ishyari bikabaviramo kubagambanira cyangwa kubasenyera.
Ingaruka z’Ishyari ku Muntu ku Giti cye n’Abandi
Ku muntu ubwe: Ishyari ry’igihe kirekire ritera stress, kwigunga, ndetse no kugira indwara zifata umutima.
Ishyari, cyane cyane iryangiza (malicious envy), rikunze kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’umuntu, kandi ubushakashatsi bwagiye bugaragaza ko rifitanye isano n’indwara nyinshi, cyane cyane izifata umutwe, umutima, n’imibiri yose.
Dore zimwe muri izo ndwara hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwerekana imibanire yazo:
1. Indwara z’Umutwe (Mental Health Disorders)
Stress n’Ubwigunge: Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Lazarus na Folkman muw’ 1984, bwagaragaje ko abantu bagira ishyari, cyane cyane ry’ubwoko bwangiza, bagira stress nyinshi Iyo umuntu adashobora kugenzura ishyari rye, ahorana umunaniro no kubura amahoro y’umutima. Ibi bishobora no kumugiraho ingaruka ku bwonko, bigatuma adatekereza neza cyangwa atabona ibintu mu buryo buzima.
Depresiyo: Abantu bagira ishyari bakunze kugira ibibazo byo mu mutwe, cyane cyane depresiyo. Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Smith na Kim (2007), byagaragaye ko abantu bafite ishyari ry’ubwoko bwangiza bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo by’umutima n’uburwayi bwa depresiyo. Ishyari rituma umuntu yikuramo ibyishimo cyangwa ibyiza bigaragara ku bandi, bigatuma yumva afite umubabaro udashobora kubaho neza.
Anxiété (Impagarara): Ishyari ry’ubwoko bwangiza rikunze gutera impagarara, aho umuntu ahora atekereza ku byiza by’abandi, bituma agira ubwoba cyangwa impungenge z’uko atazageraho ibyo abandi bagezeho (Bakan, 1966). Ibi bitera gukanguka kenshi, kumva adashoboye, no kugira ubwoba bw’impindika mu buzima..
2. Indwara z’Umutima (Cardiovascular Diseases)
Hypertension (Umuvuduko w’amaraso hejuru): Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abantu bafite ishyari bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira hypertension (umuvuduko w’amaraso uri hejuru) kubera stress n’uburakari bigaragara mu gihe umuntu afite ishyari (Kawachi et al., 1996). Ubu bwoko bwa stress bushobora gutera ikibazo ku mikorere y’umutima no gutera imihangayiko itandukanye.
Ischemic Heart Disease (Indwara z’umutima zikomoka ku kubura amaraso): Kuko ishyari ritera umunaniro mwinshi n’imihangayiko, umuntu ashobora kuba afite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara z’umutima ziturutse ku bibazo byo mu mitsi y’amaraso. Stress yo mu mutwe iterwa n’ishyari ishobora gukurura ikibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’amaraso, bikaba intandaro y’indwara z’umutima (Kubzansky et al., 2000).
3. Indwara z’Imibiri (Somatic Diseases)
Gufatwa n’indwara z’imirire (digestive disorders): Ubushakashatsi bwa Ray et al. (2009) bwagaragaje ko abantu bagira ishyari bashobora kwibasirwa n’indwara zo mu myanya y’ubuhumekero (gastrointestinal diseases), nk’uburibwe bw’inda cyangwa kunyura mu bibazo by’inyama n’umubiri wose. Ibi biterwa no gutekereza cyane ku byishimo by’abandi, bituma umuntu ahorana umutima uremerewe kandi agira ikibazo cyo kurya cyangwa gutinda kubyitaho.
Indwara z’Imyakura (Neurological disorders): Ishyari, cyane cyane igihe ryihoramo, rifitanye isano no kugira ibibazo by’imyakura, nko kuba umuntu aribwa umutwe kenshi cyangwa afite imikurire mibi y’ubwonko. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko umuntu utagira amahoro mu mutwe kubera ishyari ashobora kuba afite ibyago byinshi byo kugira migraine (Hernandez et al., 2012).
4. Indwara zo mu mubiri Ziturutse ku buzima bubi (Chronic Health Conditions)
Indwara ziturutse ku mibereho mibi: Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Kiecolt-Glaser (2002) bwerekanye ko stress ituruka ku ishyari ishobora gutera ubudahangarwa buke bw’umubiri. Ibi bigatuma umuntu afatwa n’indwara z’igihe kirekire nka diabète cyangwa kwandura indwara z’ibyorezo. Ibi biterwa no gukurura umunaniro ukabije, gutakaza imbaraga, no kudafata umwanya wo kuruhuka no kwita ku buzima bwe.
5. Ishyari n’Imyitwarire y’abandi (Social and Behavioral Impacts)
Imyitwarire yo Kwiyahura: Ubushakashatsi buvuga ko abantu benshi bagira ishyari bagira ibyago byo gukora imyitwarire idahwitse. Ibi biza mu buryo bwo kwiyahura cyangwa kugerageza gukurura ibibazo ku bandi. Ibi biterwa n’uko umuntu yumva abura ubushobozi cyangwa uburyo bwo kugera ku byiza yifuza (Tantam, 2011).
Ku mibanire: Ishyari ryica ubucuti, urukundo, ndetse no mu kazi rigatera gusenyuka kw’amakipe cyangwa imiryango.
Ku iterambere: Nubwo ishyari ryubaka rishobora kuba imbarutso y’iterambere, iryangiza ribangamira iterambere ry’umuntu n’iry’abandi.
Iyo ishyari ryangiza rikurushije imbaraga,ushobora gushiduka mu kanwa kawe havamo amagambo asebya abandi gusa, ku buryo bishobora no kukuviramo kugira umurima w’ubugome no kwica binyuze mu bugambanyi no kuroga.
6. Uburyo bwo Kurwanya no Gucunga Ishyari
Kwiyakira no kwimenya: Gushyira mu gaciro ko buri wese afite urugendo rwe.
Gushimira ibyo umuntu afite (gratitude): Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abantu bashimira ibyo bafite bagira ishyari rike.
Kwitoza kwishimira ibyiza by’abandi: Ibi bituma habaho ubucuti bwimbitse aho kuba amarushanwa.
Kuganira n’abandi cyangwa gushaka ubufasha bwa psychologue: Iyo ishyari ryamaze gufata indi ntera.
Ishyari ni igice kidashobora kwirindwa burundu mu marangamutima y’abantu, ariko umuntu ashobora kwiga kurimenya no kuricunga neza. Ishyari ryubaka rishobora kuba imbarutso y’impinduka nziza, ariko iryangiza ritera uburwayi, umubabaro, n’isenyuka ry’imibanire.
Ni inshingano ya buri wese kwiyigisha uburyo bwo gufata ishyari nk’imbaraga aho kurifata nk’imbogamizi.