Agroecology mu bucuruzi bw’Akarere: Inzira nshya ku bihingwa by’umwimerere
Abacuruzi bo mu bihugu bitandukanye, imiryango ya sosiyete sivile n’abashyiraho politiki zo mu muryango wa Afurika y’Uburasirazuba (EAC) ndetse na COMESA bateraniye i Nairobi muri Kenya mu nama y’iminsi ibiri igamije gushakira hamwe uburyo bwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka mu bicuruzwa biva mu buhinzi bukoresha amahame ya agroecology, ndetse no gukemura ibibazo bikibangamira abacuruzi bato badashobora kwinjira byuzuye muri ubwo bucuruzi.
Iyo nama yagarutse no ku nyungu ziri mu guteza imbere ibi bicuruzwa mu bihugu bigize EAC, hagamijwe kongera kumenyekana kwabyo, kongera umutekano mu biribwa, kwigira mu biribwa, no guteza imbere ubuhinzi burengera ibidukikije.
Abayera Jeanne , umucuruzi wambukiranya imipaka ukomoka mu Rwanda, yashimye ubumenyi bungutse muri iyo nama, avuga ko buzafasha abacuruzi bagenzi be kumenya no gutandukanya neza ibyo bacuruza, by’umwihariko ibikomoka ku buhinzi bwa bw’umwimerere (agroecology).
“Nta makuru ahagije narimfite mbere y’iyi nama, kandi n’abandi benshi bari mu rujijo. Ariko ikintu cy’ingenzi nungutse ni uko ibi bigiye kongerera agaciro ubucuruzi bwacu,”
“Ntitwari tuzi icyo agroecology ari cyo nyirizina n’akamaro kabyo. Ibi bizadufasha gutandukanya ibikomoka ku buhinzi karemano n’ibindi bisanzwe, tubihe agaciro kabyo uko bikwiye. Mbere twarabivangaga cyangwa tukabigurisha tutazi icyo bivuze.”
Yongeraho ati: “Iyo dushyize imbaraga mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, tuba dufunguye inzira ku bacuruzi bashya n’abasanzwe. Ni uburyo bwo kongera ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu bya EAC uhereye kumenya inkomoko y’ibicuruzwa kugeza ku bufatanye bwimbitse hagati y’abahinzi, abacuruzi n’inzego za Leta. Ibi bishobora kuba igisubizo kirambye ku kibazo cy’inzara, kurengera imbuto karemano no kongera ubukungu.”
Gusa byagaragajwe ko hakenewe ubukangurambaga n’amahugurwa menshi ku bacuruzi n’abahinzi, kugira ngo bashobore kumenya no guha agaciro nyako ibikomoka ku buhinzi bwa agroecology mbere y’uko bigera ku isoko hakajyaho n’ibimenyetso bibiranga nk’uko bikorwa mu masoko mpuzamahanga.
Dusabe Lise Chantal, uhagarariye ihuriro ry’ubuhinzi kamere mu Rwanda (Rwanda Organic Agriculture Movement), yunze mu rya bagenzi be.
Ati: “Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka busanzwe bukorwa, ariko bwibandaga ku bicuruzwa rusange. Ndashimira cyane AFSA kuba yarahuje abafatanyabikorwa kugira ngo tuganire ku buryo bwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka ku buhinzi karemano mu buryo burambye kandi bw’umwuga,”
Yakomeje ati:“Haracyari byinshi byo kunoza kugira ngo ubu bucuruzi bukorwe neza, intambwe ya mbere ni ugusobanura neza ibyo ubu bucuruzi burimo. Niba umuntu umwe ahinga inyanya akoresheje ifumbire mvaruganda, undi agakoresha ifumbire y’imborera, ntibyoroshye kubitandukanya urebye gusa ku rubuto. Ni yo mpamvu dukeneye uburyo bwo gukurikirana aho igicuruzwa cyanyuze kuva mu murima kugera ku isoko kugira ngo habeho umucyo. Iki ni kimwe mu byuho bikomeye bihari, kandi kigaragaza ko dukeneye amategeko yihariye agenga ubu bucuruzi.”
Yakomeje agira ati: “Abacuruzi bagomba guhugurwa n’ubwo hari amabwiriza y’ubuhinzi karemano mu karere ka Afurika y’Uburasirazuba, ni ingenzi ko abahinzi, abatunganya ibiribwa, ababikwirakwiza n’ababitwara bumva ibyo ayo mabwiriza avuga. Igicuruzwa gishobora kuva mu murima kimeze neza, ariko kikangirika bitewe no kutacyitaho mu nzira.”
Abitabiriye iyo nama bagarutse ku kamaro ko gushyiraho amategeko n’amabwiriza abereye ubu bucuruzi. Harimo nk’imisoro itabangamiye, amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge bw’ibiribwa, impapuro z’ubucuruzi, n’umutekano mu gutwara ibicuruzwa.
Banagarutse ku gukosora ikibazo cy’ururimi rukoreshwa mu bucuruzi kugira ngo hirindwe kumvikana nabi.
Namahoro Brighet Mugambe, uhagarariye Ihuriro ry’Ubufatanye ku bwigenge mu biribwa muri Afurika (Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa), asobanura impamvu y’iyi nama n’icyo ibihugu byitabiriye byungutse.
Ati: “Intego yacu rusange ni ukugera ku bwigenge mu biribwa binyuze mu guhindura ubuhinzi bukajyana n’amahame ya agroecology. Agroecology si uguhinga gusa, ahubwo ni ugutanga ibiribwa bifite ubuziranenge, utekereza ku butaka, ku nyamaswa n’abantu babihinga n’ababirya. Ni ubumenyi, ni imyumvire, kandi ni impinduramatwara,”
“Twakoze ubu bushakashatsi ku bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka mu bicuruzwa bya agroecology kugira ngo tumenye niba koko bihacururizwa, aho bubera, amahirwe n’imbogamizi bihari. Ubuhinzi si ugutunga abantu gusa ni nokubaka imibereho myiza.”
Ku bijyanye n’icyuho cy’ubushakashatsi, yongeyeho ati: “Nta bushakashatsi twabonye bwari bwarigeze bugaragaza neza ibijyanye n’ubu bucuruzi bw’ibikomoka ku buhinzi karemano. Ni yo mpamvu twiyemeje kubikora ubwacu kugira ngo twuzuze icyo cyuho kandi ibikorwa bizakurikiraho bishingire ku bimenyetso bifatika.”
Yagaragaje ko iyi nama yo kwemeza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ari ingenzi mu guha agaciro ubuhinzi bwa gakondo n’ibikomoka ku miterere karemano.
Ati: “Twashatse ko ubu bushakashatsi bwemezwa kuko ari inzego nshya z’ubumenyi. Twahuje abahinzi, abacuruzi, abashinzwe gasutamo, abayobozi b’inzego za Leta n’imiryango ya sosiyete sivile kugira ngo basangire ibitekerezo, banarebe ibikwiye kunozwa. Ntitwifuzaga gutangiza umushinga ushingiye ku bushakashatsi butuzuye.”
“Abantu bakunze kwibaza niba agroecology isubiza inyuma abahinzi mu buhinzi bwa gakondo budateye imbere. Igisubizo cyacu ni oya. Ubuhinzi karemano burimo ishoramari rifatika kandi iyo tumaze kugaragaza aho bukora neza, bigaragarira bose.”
“Ubu bushakashatsi ni bwo buzatuyobora mu mushinga w’imyaka ibiri iri imbere. Intambwe ikurikiyeho ni uguhura n’abacuruzi, abayobozi n’abatwara ibicuruzwa kugira ngo hashakwe amahirwe n’ingamba zifatika, kuva aho ibicuruzwa bibikwa kugera ku masoko yabyo.”
Chaka Uzondu, umushakashatsi wo muri Tanzania usanzwe akora ubushakashatsi ku masoko y’ibiribwa, yagaragaje uko ubu bushakashatsi bufite akamaro cyane, cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kwerekana umubare w’ibicuruzwa bindi bicururizwa mu karere ka EAC.
Yagize ati: “Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ni ingenzi cyane ku bihugu byose cyane cyane ku baturage batuye hafi y’imipaka. Umuryango wa EAC ugizwe n’ibihugu umunani, kandi ubwo bucuruzi buha abantu amahirwe yo guhahirana, kubona inyungu no kurwanya ubushomeri mu rubyiruko,”.
“Tubonamo urubyiruko rwinshi rutangiye kujya muri ubu bucuruzi. Rurimo kubona akazi, rugafasha n’abandi.”
Yagize ati: “Ubu dukeneye kumenya neza ibibera muri urwo rwego. Afurika yose iri kwibanda ku guteza imbere ubuhinzi nk’umusingi w’imibereho y’abantu si uguhinga gusa, ahubwo ni ukureba niba ibyo bihingwa bigera kuri bose mu buryo bungana.”
“Abantu benshi bagaya ubuhinzi kuko babufata nk’ubuhinzi buciriritse bwo kwitunga gusa. Ariko ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko burenze kure ibyo. Abahinzi bakora agroecology ntibihaza gusa baratanga umusaruro winjiza amafaranga mu bucuruzi ndetse no mu rwego rw’igihugu.”
Kuva kuwa 29-30 nibwo iyi nama yabaye ndetse abayitabiriye bemeza ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo ari ipfundo ryiza ryo kunoza ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bw’ibiribwa by’umwimerere no kuzamura ubukungu ku baturage bo mu bihugu 8 by’uyu miryango w’Afurika y’Uburasirazuba.
