Ikigo ACES kirateganya gupima ibikoresho bikonjesha byinjira mu gihugu mu rwego rwo kurengera akayunguruzo k’izuba
Ikigo Nyafurika cy’Ubumenyi n’Ubuhanga mu bijyanye no gukonjesha no kubika ibikonje (Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain – ACES),kigaragaza ko kiri gutegura uburyo buzatuma gishobora gupima ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho bikonjesha byinjizwa mu gihugu, hagamijwe kugabanya imyuka yangiza akayunguruzo k’izuba.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibikoresho bikonjesha nk’amafrigo, amapompemu y’ubukonje, n’imashini z’ubushyuhe, bikunze gukoresha gaz za hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), zifite ubushobozi bwo kwangiza akayunguruzo k’izuba no gutera ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere.
Izi gaz zashyizwe mu byemezo by’amasezerano ya Montreal yavugururiwe i Kigali mu 2016, aho ibihugu byiyemeje kugenda zibihagarika buhoro buhoro.
Basile Seburikoko, Umuyobozi ushinzwe ibya tekiniki muri ACES, yavuze ko mu rwego rwo gushyigikira gahunda za Leta zo kurengera ibidukikije, iki kigo kiri kuzana ibikoresho bigezweho bizajya bipima ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho bikonjesha bigomba kwinjira mu gihugu.
Yagize ati: “Hari ibikoresho turi kuzana bizadufasha kumenya ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho bikonjesha byinjizwa mu gihugu. Hari ubwo ibikoresho ubwabyo biba bitujuje ubuziranenge, bigatuma gaz zikoreshwa zohereza imyuka yangiza ikirere kurusha uko byari biteganyijwe.”
Seburikoko yongeyeho ko ACES ifite n’ubundi buryo bwo guteza imbere ubumenyi mu bijyanye no gukonjesha, binyuze mu mahugurwa y’abatekinisiye n’abakora mu ruhererekane rwo kubika ibikonje, by’umwihariko mu bijyanye n’imyitwarire y’izindi gaz nshya zitangiza ibidukikije.
Ati: “Kuri ubu, mu Rwanda haracyari imbogamizi mu gukoresha gaz zifite ubuziranenge. Nubwo zimwe zitangiza akayunguruzo k’izuba, nazo zishobora guteza impanuka cyangwa kwaka. Ni yo mpamvu dushyira imbaraga mu guhugura abatekinisiye kugira ngo bamenye neza uko bakoresha izo gaz nshya mu buryo butekanye kandi burambye.”
Uretse kuba ibikoresho bikonjesha bifite uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bwa buri munsi,mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi, mu buhinzi, ndetse no mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ni na kimwe mu bitera imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere yongera ubushyuhe bwo ku Isi.
Ibi bituma kurengera akayunguruzo k’izuba biba kimwe mu byihutirwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Ingaruka z’ibikoresho bikonjesha ku kayunguruzo k’izuba
Gaz za HFCs, CFCs, na HCFCs zikoreshwa mu bikonjesha zifatanya n’imyuka iri mu kirere zigatuma hagerwaho imyunyu ya chlorine na bromine ishobora gusenya molekule za ozone (O₃)(ubudahangarwa bw’akayunguruzo k’izuba).
Iyo akayunguruzo k’izuba kagabanutse, imirasire y’izuba igera ku Isi ari myinshi kurusha ibisanzwe, bigatera indwara z’uruhu, kurwara amaso (cataracts), no kwangirika kw’ibihingwa n’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi.
Inzira zo gukemura iki kibazo
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya izi ngaruka, u Rwanda rwashyizeho ingamba zifasha mu gucunga neza ikoreshwa rya gaz, harimo:
Gushyiraho amategeko agenga itumizwa n’ikoreshwa rya gaz zikonjesha;
Guhugura abatekinisiye ku ikoreshwa rya gaz zishya zifite ubukungu bwo kuzigama ingufu kandi zidafite ingaruka ku kayunguruzo k’izuba;
Guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho bikonjesha bikoreshwa n’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba;
Guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukonjesha mu buryo burambye.
Kuva ACES yatangira gukora mu Rubilizi, mu Karere ka Kicukiro, imyaka itanu ishize, ubumenyi ku bijyanye no gukonjesha no kubika ibikonje mu Rwanda bwatangiye kuzamuka ku rwego rugaragara.
Uretse ibikorwa byo mu Rwanda, ACES ifite amashami n’imishinga itandukanye muri Kenya, Senegal, n’u Buhinde, igamije guteza imbere uburyo bwo gukonjesha burengera ibidukikije ku mugabane wa Afurika.
