Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye ya gaciro na za kariyeri bishobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije
Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bukozwe nabi n’ubukozwe mu buryo butemewe hamwe na za kariyeri zicukurwamo itaka,umusenyi, amabuye asanzwe bishobora kuba imbogamizi ikomeye ku bidukikije.
Ibi byagarutsweho n’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibidukikije REMA mu kiganiro cyagiranye na Greenafrica.rw, aho cyagaragaje ko gukora ibi bikorwa bigomba kubanzirizwa n’umushinga wo kurengera ibidukikije,ubuhinzi buhakorerwa ndetse n’ubuzima bw’abaturage baturiye ahari ibyo bikorwa n’abakozi babirimo muri rusange.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko yo kurengera ibidukikije Akimpaye Beatha yagaragaje ko n’ubwo ibi bikorwa bitanga imirimo n’amafaranga, bishobora guteza ibibazo birimo isuri n’inkangu, ihindagurika ry’ibihe,kwangirika kw’imisozi n’uburwayi mu gihe bitaba byateguwe neza.
Yagize ati:”Ibi bikorwa nibyo koko bitanga amafaranga ku baturage n’igihugu mu buryo bwihuse akadufasha mu bikorwa by’iterambere ariko iyo bikozwe bitita ku bidukikije n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage aho bituganisha ni ku biza(disasters),imisozi ikariduka cyangwa se bagacukura babongamiye abaturage, aha navuga nti Minisitiri y’Ibidukikije ku bufatanye n’inzego za leta,RMB, REMA n’izindi nzego zitandukanye zihurirsmo mu kurinda ko ibyo byabaho ariko ku ikubitiro hari amategeko yadhyizweho.”
Muri New Bugarama Mining yo mu karere ka Burera ,mu murenge wa Kagogo hashize imyaka itari mike hacukurwa amabuye y’agaciro yo mu bwoko bwa Worufulamu.Iyo witegereje Uko bikorwa n’uko hategurwa indake bazajya binjiriramo bajya kuyashakamo hasi (Underground Mining) babanza guharura imisozi ku buryo ubona ko bishobora guteza ikibazo cy’isuri ,kuriduka kwayo no kugabanya umubare w’ibiti biwuteyeho bityo imvura ikaba yabona urwaho rwo kwangiza ibihari n’ibikorwa by’abaturage bihakorerwa.
Ashimwe Ange Nadine ushinzwe ubuzima n’umutekano n’ibidukikije muri New Bugarama Mining (NBM),yagaragarije Greenafrica.rw uburyo bakoresha mu kwitegura ingaruka zishobora guturuka ku bucukuzi bakora no guhangana no kutangirika kw’ibidukikije muri rusange.
Ati:”NBM ikora ubucukuzi bukorerwa munsi y’ubutaka,urebye ubu ntabwo bwangiza keretse iyo turigutegura aho tuzakorera cyangwa tuzacukura indake, iyo turi kuhategura dushyiraho mitigation(uburyo) z’uburyo tuzahasubiranya niturangiza gucukura,muri ubwo buryo harimo gusiba ibinogo tuba twaracukuye,tukanongera gutera ibiti aho tuba twararangije gukorera bitewe n’uruhushya kompanyi iba ifite nk’ubu twe dufite iy’imyaka 30, turigukorera hano ubwo nituyirangiza tuzongera gusubira inyuma dusubiranye aho twarangije gukorera.”
Mu gice cy’imisozi ni ahantu hakunze kunywa amazi menshi mu gihe cy’imvura nyinshi bikaba byateza ikibazo cyo kuriduka, Ashimwe Ange yagaragaje ibanga bakoresha mu kurinda no gukumira impanuka zikomoka ku kuriduka kwaho bakorera mu gihe bacukura indake.
Ati:”iyo imvura irikugwa duca za rigore hejuru yaho tuzakorera zikayobora amazi aho twateguye ko agomba kujya ku buryo amazi y’imvura atazagera aho turi gucukurira, hashobora kuba na inflistration, iyo yinjiye mu butaka dukoresha uburyo bwo gutinda ibiti(timbering) aho turigukorera kugura ngo nibiramuka bigiye, bigwe kuri byabiti twatinzemo.”
Ashimwe Ange yagaragaje ko ubu buryo bwa timbering no gusakarira indake bwizewe hafi 98%,kuko ngo aho bakoresheje ubu buryo bwa (Supportting) impanuka zabashije kugabanyuka ku buryo bigaragara ngo dore ko mu myaka itanu ishize nta mpanuka yica baragira( Fatal accident).
Nubwo Ange agaragaza ko bafite uruhushya(licence), rw’igihe kirekire rwo gukorera muri iyi kompanyi, Beatha we avuga ko ibyo bitakuraho ko ibidukikije bishobora kwangirika,maze yemeza ko bakomeze kuhakurikirana abo basanze batubahiriza amabwiriza bagahanwa ndetse no guhagarikwa bikaba bishoboka.
Ati:”Umuntu wese ugiye gukora umushinga haba uwa kariyeri cyangwa se iy’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye(Mining),mbere y’uko ayitangira cyangwa se na mbere y’uko ahabwa ibyangombwa na RMB cyangwa se n’ibitangirea ku karere, aba agomba kubanza gukora inyigo nduzuma ngaruka ku bidukikije, ibyo bitegekwa n’itegeko ku bidukikije.
Iyo nyigo rero icyo iba igamije, ni ukureba ngo uyu mushinga(project) nibyo koko izazana amafaranga ariko se nizihe ngaruka yagira ku bidukikije no ku baturage, iyo nyigo iba igomba no kugaragaza uburyo bwo kuzikumira ubwo niho hazamo Uko azarwanya isuri,Uko atazamaraho ibiti,uko atazangiriza imigezi n’ibiyaga,kurinda ubuzima bw’abakozi ngo batazapfira mu birombe no gukemura ikibazo cy’umutekano w’abahaturiye.
Muri iyo nyigo rero hanagaragarizwamo ko mu gihe hazaba harangije ibikorwa byo gucukura, wa muntu afite inshingano(responsible )zo gusubira inyuma agasana ibyangijwe.”
Yakomeje ati:” Iyo abonye ibyangombwa, ubuyobozi bufite inshingano zo gukomeza kujya gukora ubugenzuzi(Monitoring) bw’uko akora, bitabangamiye abaturage,bitabangamiye ibidukikije, hari igihe bigaragara ko ibyo arigukora bikabije kwangiza binyuze mu buryo butandukanye burimo kwangiza imisozi,urusaku imyuka ihumanya, bihabanye n’ibiri muri ya nyigo hafatwa imyanzuro akanagirwa inama y’ibyo yakosora mu gihe runaka, iyo atabikosoye hafatwa indi myanzuro no guhagarikwa mu gihe runaka bikaba bishoboka.”
Yongeyeho ati:” Lisence niyo gucukura ariko ntabwo ariyo gucukura wangiza,iyo bigaragaye ko urigucukura wangiza,leta ibanze kukugira inama byakwanga ugahagarikwa ukabanza wakosora ariko ugakosora utagicukura.”
New Bugarama Mining Company yatangiye ibikorwa by’ayo muri 2009, ariko mbere hakaba harakoreraga abandi hitwa Mine Bugarama, bavuga ko bakomeje kongera ikoranabuhanga mu bucukuzi bakora birimo guhindura ibikoresho bitakijyanye n’igihe, imyambaro n’ubwirinzi bw’ubuhumekero, ikoreshwa ry’amazi no kurinda ubuzima bw’umukozi n’ibindi binyabuzima bihegereye hagamijwe kujyana na gahunda ya leta yo kurinda ibidukikije n’ihumana ry’ikirere.
Ubucukuzi bw’Amabuye y’Agaciro na Kariyeri mu Rwanda: Amategeko n’Ingaruka ku Bidukikije
Mu Rwanda, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro na kariyeri ni kimwe mu bikorwa bifite uruhare rukomeye mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Ariko, ibi bikorwa bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije niba bidacungwa neza. Itegeko rigenga ibidukikije risaba ko ababikora bagomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yihariye agamije kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurinda ibidukikije n’abaturage begereye ahakorerwa ubucukuzi.
Ibyo Itegeko Riteganya
Mu rwego rwo gukumira no kugabanya ingaruka z’ubucukuzi ku bidukikije, amategeko n’amabwiriza ateganya ko:
1. Inyigo y’Ingaruka ku Bidukikije (EIA): Mbere yo gutangira ubucukuzi, hagomba gukorwa inyigo y’ingaruka bushobora kugira ku bidukikije. Iyi nyigo ifasha kumenya ingaruka zishobora kugera ku butaka, amazi, ikirere ndetse n’ubuzima bw’abaturage batuye hafi aho.
2. Gushyiraho Ingamba Zishobora Kugabanya Izo Ngaruka: Ibiturika, imikoreshereze y’amazi mu bucukuzi, no gusubiranya ubutaka bwangijwe n’ubucukuzi bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza agenga kubungabunga ibidukikije.
3. Kugenzura Imikoreshereze y’Ubucukuzi: Sosiyete n’abikorera ku giti cyabo bakora ubucukuzi bagomba gukorera mu rwego rwemewe n’amategeko kandi bagakurikiza ibipimo ngenderwaho byashyizweho n’inzego zibishinzwe.
4. Ibihano ku Batubahiriza Amategeko: Itegeko riteganya ibihano ku bantu cyangwa ibigo bikora ubucukuzi mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko. Ibi bihano bishobora kuba ihazabu, gufungwa cyangwa guhagarikirwa ubucukuzi bitewe n’uburemere bw’icyaha.
Inzira Nshya mu Kugenzura Ubucukuzi
Mu rwego rwo kunoza imikoreshereze y’aya mabwiriza, hari gahunda yo gushyiraho itegeko rishya rigenga ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro na kariyeri mu Rwanda. Iri tegeko rishya rizafasha gukemura ibibazo byagaragaye mu itegeko risanzweho no gukaza ingamba zo kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ni urwego rw’ingirakamaro mu iterambere ry’igihugu, ariko ni ingenzi ko bukorwa mu buryo burengera ibidukikije n’abaturage. Kubahiriza amategeko agenga ibidukikije bizafasha guhangana n’ingaruka mbi zishobora guterwa n’ubu bucukuzi, bityo iterambere rikaba iry’igihe kirekire.
